Much of the ground round the kingdoms of this map is held by peoples who answer to no prince that the sources name, and is drawn in one pale colour, with each people's range outlined in its own record.
In the west they are the Bhils of the Aravalli and the Satpura, the Minas of Dhundhar, the Mers of Merwara, the Meos of Mewat and the herders and bards of the Rann and Kutch. In the centre they are the Gonds, Korkus, Kols and Baigas of the Vindhya, Satpura and Kaimur, the Bhars of Awadh, the Katehriya Rajputs of Rohilkhand and the forest peoples of Surguja and Bastar, with the valleys of Lahul, Spiti and Kinnaur, the Tarai and the Dardic valleys of Chitral and Dir in the hills. In the east they are the Munda, Oraon, Ho, Santal, Savara and Gond of the plateau and the Eastern Ghats, and the Chutia, Kachari, Khasi, Garo, Naga and Kuki-Chin of the north-east, beside the Meitei of Manipur and the Tripura of the hills, who have kings of their own that the sources barely record.
Three stretches were written up by none of this map's researchers and are drawn as peoples all the same: upper Swat, Indus Kohistan and the Gilgit side of the Dard country (the Persia map and the Tibet map both leave the Dard valleys under their own chiefs, and the Tibet researchers wrote up Gilgit and Hunza; lower Swat is the Persia map's ground and keeps its colour), and the Arunachal hills between Tawang and the Chutia country (no source shows a king there). Some pay tribute or give soldiers to a neighbouring king; none is ruled by one.
Who rules
- Name
- None named for 1199-1200 in the sources read
- Title
- No overlord: each people follows its own headmen, elders and priests (the Meitei and the Tripura have kings of their own)
- Confidence
- low
What the realm holds
- The Bhil, Mina, Mer and Meo hills of the Aravalli and the Satpura
- Kutch and the Rann edge, with the Rabari and Charan herders
- The Gond, Korku, Kol and Baiga hills of the Vindhya, Satpura and Kaimur, and Surguja and Bastar
- The Tarai, Lahul and Spiti, Kinnaur, Chitral and Dir, with upper Swat, Indus Kohistan and the Gilgit side (no record of their own)
- The Chota Nagpur plateau (Munda, Oraon, Ho, Santal) and the Savara and Gond hills
- The Khasi, Garo, Naga, Kuki-Chin, Kachari and Chutia hills, the Arunachal hills between Tawang and the Chutia country (no record of their own) and the Meitei and Tripura kingdoms
The realm that morning
No war, revolt or raid is recorded for these peoples in the winter of 1199-1200.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: No source names a headman, an elder or an event for these hills, forests and deserts in 1199-1200. The ranges are drawn from the researchers' reading of later ethnography, colonial gazetteers and the campaign board, and each record says where it guesses.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: One colour for many peoples that answer to no prince. The outlines are the researchers' rough ranges, drawn on modern districts; the hill ground runs on beyond this map into the Himalaya, the Deccan and Burma.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.