This table names, for every realm on the map, the person who held it when the sun rose on 1 January 1200. Where a throne was disputed or a regent ruled, the entry says so. Click a realm for its full entry: holdings, wealth, threats, the year ahead and the sources.
Short list of the great seats that morning: England, King John; France, Philip II Augustus; the Empire, disputed between Philip of Swabia and Otto IV; the papacy, Innocent III; Sicily, the child Frederick II under papal regency; Castile, Alfonso VIII; León, Alfonso IX; Aragon, Peter II; Portugal, Sancho I; Navarre, Sancho VII; Hungary, Emeric; Denmark, Cnut VI; Norway, Sverre; Scotland, William the Lion; Byzantium, Alexios III Angelos; Bulgaria, Kaloyan; Georgia, Queen Tamar; Rum, Rukn al-Din Sulayman II; Egypt, the child al-Mansur Muhammad under his great-uncle al-Adil; Baghdad, the caliph al-Nasir; Khwarazm, Tekish; the Ghurids, Ghiyath al-Din and Muʿizz al-Din; the Almohads, al-Nasir; the Jin, Zhangzong; the Song, Ningzong; Goryeo, Sinjong with Choe Chung-heon in power; Japan, Emperor Tsuchimikado with Go-Toba retired and Minamoto no Yoriie at Kamakura; the Khmer, Jayavarman VII.
| Realm | Ruler | Title | Since | Seat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France and Iberia | ||||
| Crown of Aragon | Peter II 'the Catholic' (Pedro II; Pere I in Catalan numbering) | King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, lord of Roussillon and Cerdanya, overlord of the Crown's vassals north of | 25 April 1196, when his father Alfonso II died at Perpignan | Zaragoza |
| Lordship of Albarracín | Pedro Fernández de Azagra | Lord of Albarracín, styled 'vassal of Saint Mary' | 1196, on the death of Fernando Ruiz de Azagra | Albarracin |
| Kingdom of Castile | Alfonso VIII (Alfonso el Noble, 'el de las Navas' to later writers) | King of Castile and Toledo | 31 August 1158, on the death of his father Sancho III | Burgos |
| Kingdom of León | Alfonso IX | King of León | January 1188, on the death of his father Ferdinand II at | Leon |
| Kingdom of Navarre | Sancho VII the Strong (Sancho el Fuerte) | King of Navarre | 1194: succeeded his father Sancho VI the Wise | Pamplona |
| Kingdom of Portugal | Sancho I, called the Populator (o Povoador) | King of Portugal | 6 December 1185 | Coimbra |
| Contested ground | Disputed | |||
| Royal demesne of Philip II | Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste) | King of the French | Sole king from 18 September 1180, when Louis VII died | Paris |
| Lands of John and Eleanor | John (Jean sans Terre, John Lackland) | King of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy, count of Anjou | Richard I died at Chalus on 6 April 1199 | Rouen |
| Duchy of Brittany | Arthur I, with Constance (duchess in her own right) and Guy of Thouars (duke by marriage) | Duke of Brittany, with his mother the duchess and her husband | Constance heiress since Conan IV's death | Nantes |
| Blois, Chartres, Châteaudun | Louis (Louis de Blois) | Count of Blois, Chartres and Châteaudun | 1191, on the death of his father Theobald V at Acre | Blois |
| County of Toulouse | Raymond VI (Raimon VI) | Count of Toulouse, duke of Narbonne, marquis of Provence, count of Melgueil | 1194, on the death of his father Raymond V | Toulouse |
| Trencavel viscounties | Raymond Roger Trencavel (Raimon Rogier Trencavel) | Viscount of Beziers, Carcassonne, Albi and Razes | 1194, on the death of his father Roger II | Carcassonne |
| Duchy of Burgundy | Odo III (Eudes III) | Duke of Burgundy | 1192: his father Hugh III died before Acre in August 1192 | Dijon |
| Nevers, Auxerre, Tonnerre | Mahaut (Matilda) of Courtenay, with her husband Herve IV of Donzy ruling Nevers as count; her father Peter of Courtenay keeps Auxerre and Tonnerre for life | Countess of Nevers, heiress of Auxerre and Tonnerre | 1199: Nevers passed to Herve with Mahaut's hand as the | Nevers |
| County of Champagne | Theobald III (Thibaut III) | Count palatine of Troyes | 1197, on the death of his elder brother Henry II at Acre | Troyes |
| Flanders and Hainaut | Baldwin IX of Flanders, VI of Hainaut (Baudouin, Boudewijn) | Count of Flanders | Flanders from the death of his mother Margaret in November | Brugge |
| Duchy of Lorraine | Simon II | Duke of Lorraine and marquis | 1176: his father Matthew I died in May 1176 and Simon | Nancy |
| County of Bar and Luxembourg | Theobald I (Thiebaut Ier) | Count of Bar | 1190 for Bar, when his brother Count Henry I was killed at | Bar-le-Duc |
| County palatine of Burgundy | Otto I of Hohenstaufen | Count palatine of Burgundy | granted by his father Frederick Barbarossa: the sources | Dole |
| County of Provence | Alfonso II (Alfons, Alphonse II), of the house of Barcelona | Count of Provence | 25 April 1196, on the death of his father Alfonso II of | Aix-en-Provence |
| County of Forcalquier | William IV (Guillaume IV), with his brother Bertrand II as co-count | Count of Forcalquier | about 1150 | Forcalquier |
| Dauphiné of Viennois | Beatrice of Albon, with her son Andrew (Andre Dauphin, later reckoned Guigues VI) | Countess of Albon and duchess of Burgundy, with her son the Dauphin | Beatrice since 1162 | Grenoble |
| County of Savoy | Thomas I (Thomas Ier, Tommaso I) | Count of Savoy | 1189, on the death of his father Humbert III | Montmelian |
| Held directly of the king | Philip II Augustus, king of France | Overlord | ||
| The British Isles | ||||
| Kingdom of England | John (Johannes rex Anglie; called Lackland, Jean sans Terre) | King of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, count of Anjou | Richard I died at Chalus on 6 April 1199 | Westminster |
| Palatine earldom of Chester | Ranulf III, earl of Chester, called de Blondeville (Ranulf de Blundeville) | Earl of Chester | 30 June 1181, on the death of his father Earl Hugh | Chester |
| Gwynedd | Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (later called Llywelyn Fawr, the Great) | Prince of North Wales | Shared Gwynedd east of the Conwy from his victory over his | Conwy |
| Powys | Gwenwynwyn ab Owain (southern Powys) and Madog ap Gruffudd Maelor (northern Powys) | Princes | Gwenwynwyn 1195 | Welshpool |
| Deheubarth | Gruffydd ap Rhys, contested by his brother Maelgwn ap Rhys | Prince of South Wales | 28 April 1197, the death of their father Rhys ap Gruffydd | Dinefwr |
| The March of Wales | William de Braose, William Marshal, Roger Mortimer, Walter de Lacy, William FitzAlan and the lesser Marcher lords; King John for Glamorgan, Gower, Carmarthen, Cardigan and the Three Castles | No single ruler: the Marcher lords, each sovereign in his lordship, under the English king's overlordship | Conquest from 1067 onward | Hereford |
| Kingdom of Scotland | William I, called the Lion (Uilleam mac Eanraig; Guillaume) | King of Scots | 9 December 1165, on the death of his brother Malcolm IV | Stirling |
| Lordship of Galloway | Roland, Lochlann son of Uhtred (Lochlann mac Uchtraig) | Lord of Galloway | 1185, after the death of his uncle Gille Brigte | Kirkcudbright |
| Argyll and the southern isles | Clann Somairle: Ragnall (Raghnall mac Somairle), his brother Angus (Aonghus mac Somairle), and the line of their brother Dubgall (Dubhghall mac Somairle) | Kings of the Isles and lords of Argyll and Kintyre | Somerled was killed at Renfrew in 1164 | Saddell |
| Kingdom of Mann and the Isles | Rognvald son of Godred (Rognvaldr Gudrodarson, Ragnvald, called Reginald in English sources) | King of Mann and the Isles | 1187, chosen by the Manx on the death of his father Godred | Castletown |
| Earldom of Orkney and Caithness | Harald Maddadsson (Haraldr Maddadarson) | Earl | 1139, made joint earl as a child | Kirkwall |
| Lordship of Ireland | John | Lord of Ireland | Named lord of Ireland by Henry II at the council of Oxford, | Dublin |
| Kingdom of Connacht | Cathal Crobderg Ua Conchobair | King of Connacht | 1189-90 | Roscommon |
| Kingdom of Thomond | Conchobar Ruad Ua Briain (de facto), contested by his brothers Muirchertach Finn and Donnchad Cairprech | King of Thomond | 1198 | Killaloe |
| Kingdom of Desmond | Domnall Mor na Curra Mac Carthaig | King of Desmond | 1185 | Killarney |
| Tír Eógain | Aed Meith Ua Neill | King of Tir Eogain | Probably 1196 | Tullaghoge |
| Tír Conaill | Eicnechan Ua Domnaill (probably) | King of Tir Conaill | Not pinned | Kilmacrenan |
| Airgialla | Niall Ua hEignigh, king of Fir Manach | King of Airgialla | 1199 | Enniskillen |
| Breifne | Ualgarg Ua Ruairc | King of Breifne | About 1196 | Dromahair |
| Other Gaelic lordships | The free Gaelic lords who answer to none of the provincial kings | No common ruler | Glendalough | |
| The Rhineland, the Low Countries and the Swiss Lands | ||||
| County of Holland | Dirk VII (Theoderic, Dietrich) | Count of Holland | 1190, when his father Floris III died at Antioch on the | Dordrecht |
| Prince-bishopric of Utrecht | Dirk II of Are (Dietrich van der Aare, Dietrich von Ahr) | Bishop of Utrecht, prince of the Empire | Elected late 1197 or 1198 | Utrecht |
| County of Guelders and Zutphen | Otto I | Count of Guelders and Zutphen | 1182, on the death of his father Henry I | Geldern |
| The free Frisian lands | The Frisian lands and their judges (asega) | No single holder: each Frisian land | Self-governing lands from the eleventh century | Leeuwarden |
| Duchy of Brabant | Henry I (Hendrik I, Henri I) | Duke of Lotharingia | Styled duke of Brabant from 1183 in his father's lifetime | Leuven |
| Duchy of Limburg | Henry III | Duke of Limburg, count of Arlon | 1165 | Limbourg |
| County of Loon | Louis II (Lodewijk II) | Count of Loon | 1194, on the death of his father Gerard | Borgloon |
| Prince-bishopric of Liège | Albert of Cuyck (Albert de Cuyck) | Bishop of Liege and prince | Elected November 1194 at Namur | Liege |
| Archbishopric of Cologne | Adolf of Altena (Adolf I) | Archbishop of Cologne, duke in Westphalia and Engern, arch-chancellor of the Empire for Italy | Elected unanimously in October 1193 on the resignation of | Köln |
| County of Jülich | William II ('the Great' in later tradition) | Count of Jülich | About 1183 | Nideggen |
| County of Berg | Adolf III (numbering differs between authors) | Count of Berg | 1189, on the death of his father Engelbert I on the Third | Burg an der Wupper |
| County of Cleves | Not pinned: Dietrich (the later Dietrich V or VI, born about 1185) as count, with or under his uncle Arnold | Count of Cleves | Dietrich's father, Count Dietrich | Kleve |
| Bishopric of Münster | Hermann II of Katzenelnbogen | Bishop of Münster, prince of the Empire | 1173/74: named by Frederick Barbarossa after Bishop Ludwig | Münster |
| Bishopric of Osnabrück | Gerhard of Oldenburg-Wildeshausen | Bishop of Osnabrück | 1191/92: elected by the cathedral chapter after Bishop | Bad Iburg |
| Bishopric of Paderborn | Bernhard II (of Ibbenbüren) | Bishop of Paderborn | by 1188 | Paderborn |
| Bishopric of Minden | Thietmar | Bishop of Minden | 1185 | Minden |
| Archbishopric of Bremen | Hartwig II of Uthlede | archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen, prince of the Empire | elected 1184/85 | Bremen |
| Bishopric of Verden | Rudolf I | bishop of Verden, prince of the Empire | about 1189 | Verden |
| County of Holstein | Adolf III of Schauenburg | count of Holstein and Stormarn, count of Schauenburg | 1164 | Hamburg |
| Bishopric of Halberstadt | Gardolf (called Gardolf or Berthold of Harbke in some lists) | Bishop of Halberstadt | 1193 | Halberstadt |
| Bishopric of Hildesheim | Hartbert (called Hartbert of Dahlum in the campaign notes) | Bishop | 1199 | Hildesheim |
| Duchy of Saxony (Bernhard of Anhalt) | Bernhard (Bernhard III in the Ascanian count numbering) | Duke of Saxony | 13 April 1180 | Bernburg |
| Otto IV: Welf and royal lands | Otto IV of Brunswick | King of the Romans | June 1198 | Braunschweig |
| Landgraviate of Thuringia | Hermann I | Landgrave of Thuringia and count palatine of Saxony | Count palatine of Saxony since 1181 | Wartburg |
| Archbishopric of Trier | John I (Johann I) | Archbishop of Trier, prince of the Empire and one of the three Rhenish archbishops who lead a royal election | Elected in September 1189 at the wish of Henry VI, then | Trier |
| County palatine of the Rhine | Henry of Brunswick, called the Elder or the Tall (Heinrich der Aeltere, der Lange) | Count palatine of the Rhine | 1195: enfeoffed by Henry VI after the death of his | Bacharach |
| Archbishopric of Mainz | Conrad of Wittelsbach (Konrad I of Mainz) | Archbishop of Mainz, arch-chancellor of Germany, cardinal-bishop of Sabina and dean of the College of | 1183, his second time in the see | Mainz |
| Other imperial lands | Philip of Swabia (Staufen) and Otto of Brunswick (Welf, Otto IV) | King of the Romans: two rival crowned kings | Philip: declared himself willing at Ichtershausen on 6 | |
| Bishopric of Würzburg | Conrad of Querfurt | Bishop | Elected to Würzburg while still in the Holy Land, in late | Würzburg |
| Bishopric of Bamberg | Timo (Thiemo) | Bishop of Bamberg | Elected 7 August 1196 | Bamberg |
| Philip of Swabia: Staufen and royal lands | Philip of Swabia | King of the Romans | duke 1196 | Hohenstaufen castle |
| Zähringen lands and rectorate | Berthold V | Duke of Zähringen | 1186, on the death of his father Berthold IV | Freiburg |
| Northern Italy | ||||
| Marquisate of Montferrat | Boniface I (Bonifacio I) | Marquis of Montferrat | Governing Montferrat while his brothers were in the East in | Moncalvo |
| Marquisate of Saluzzo | Manfred II (Manfredo II) | Marquis of Saluzzo | 1175, on the death of his father Manfred I | Saluzzo |
| Commune of Asti | Not pinned: the officer or college in office on the morning of 1 January 1200 is not named in the sources consulted | Podesta or consuls of the commune | not pinned | Asti |
| Commune of Alessandria | Not pinned: the officers in office on 1 January 1200 are not named in the sources consulted | Podesta or consuls of the commune | not pinned | Alessandria |
| Commune of Vercelli | Not pinned: the officers in office on 1 January 1200 are not named in the sources consulted | Podesta or consuls of the commune | not pinned | Vercelli |
| Commune of Novara | Not pinned: the officers in office on 1 January 1200 are not named in the sources consulted | Podesta or consuls of the commune | not pinned | Novara |
| Commune of Tortona | Not pinned: the officers in office on 1 January 1200 are not named in the sources consulted | Podesta or consuls of the commune | not pinned | Tortona |
| Commune of Genoa | not pinned: the sources read do not name the officers of 1199 nor say whether a podestà or consuls governed that winter | The commune's chief magistrate, a foreign podestà, or its board of consuls of the commune | not pinned | Genova |
| The Malaspina marquises | Alberto Malaspina (Alberto Moro, the troubadour), acting with his nephews Guglielmo (son of Moroello) and Corrado (son of Obizzo the younger, called Obizzone) | Marquis | the death of his brother Obizzone in 1193 left Alberto and | Oramala |
| The Del Carretto marquises | Ottone Del Carretto and his brother Enrico II, marquis of Finale | Marquises of Savona | the death of their father Enrico Guercio | Cairo Montenotte |
| Commune of Milan | Not pinned. The names of Milan's podestà or consuls for 1199 and for 1200 were not found in the sources read | The commune's chief magistrate | Officers serve for one year | Milano |
| Commune of Como | Not pinned. No list of Como's podestà or consuls for 1199-1200 was found in the sources read | The commune's podestà or consuls for 1199, until the officers of 1200 take over | Yearly office | Como |
| Commune of Lodi | Not pinned | The commune's consuls or podestà for 1199, until the officers of 1200 take over | Yearly office | Lodi |
| Commune of Pavia | Not pinned | The commune's consuls or podestà for 1199, until the officers of 1200 take over | Yearly office | Pavia |
| Commune of Cremona | not pinned: the city is split, and the knights (milites) and the people (populus) chose separate podestà in 1198 and again in 1200-1201 | the commune's chief magistrates | not pinned | Cremona |
| Commune of Bergamo | not pinned | the commune's chief magistrates | not pinned | Bergamo |
| Commune of Brescia | not pinned | the commune's chief magistrates | not pinned | Brescia |
| Commune of Mantua | not pinned for the morning: Stefano da Torbiago was podestà in 1199; the list gives Antonio della Scala for 1200 in brackets (doubtful) | podestà | 1199 | Mantova |
| Commune of Verona | Not pinned for the morning of 1 January 1200: Salinguerra Torelli of Ferrara is podesta for 1200 and again 1201, but his entry date is not known, and the podesta of 1199 was not found | Podesta | 1200 term | Verona |
| Commune of Vicenza | Not pinned: no podesta or consul of Vicenza for 1199 or 1200 was found in the sources checked | Podesta or consuls | not pinned | Vicenza |
| Commune of Padua | Azzo VI d'Este was podesta of Padua for 1199 (DBI); whether he still held office on the morning of 1 January 1200, and who was podesta for 1200, is not pinned | Podesta | 1199 | Padova |
| Commune of Treviso | Not pinned for the morning of 1 January 1200: Pietro di Remengarda, a Veronese of the Monticoli (brother of Tebaldo Turrisendi), is podesta in 1200; the podesta of 1199 was not found | Podesta | 1200 term | Treviso |
| Azzo VI d'Este | Azzo VI d'Este | Marquis | Succeeded his grandfather Obizzo I, who was dead by 1194 at | Este |
| Ezzelino II da Romano | Ezzelino II da Romano, called the Monk | Lord of Romano | Succeeded his father Ezzelino I | Romano d'Ezzelino |
| Patriarchate of Aquileia (Friuli) | Pellegrino II | Patriarch of Aquileia: metropolitan of the north-eastern sees and prince of the Empire holding the county of | 1195, as successor of Godfrey, who died at Udine on 9 | Cividale del Friuli |
| Counts of Gorizia | Meinhard II the Elder and Engelbert III, brothers, ruling together | Counts of Gorizia | the death of their father Count Engelbert II | Gorizia |
| March of Istria | Berthold IV of Andechs | Margrave of Istria and of Carniola | margrave from his father Berthold III's death in 1188 at | Poreč |
| Prince-bishopric of Trent | Conrad of Beseno (Corrado di Beseno, Konrad von Beseno; Conrad II in German lists) | Bishop of Trent, prince of the Empire, count of Trent | Elected 6 December 1188 after Bishop Albert's death | Trento |
| Prince-bishopric of Brixen | Eberhard of Regensberg (Eberhard von Regensberg) | Bishop | Summer 1196, after Bishop Henry died on 19 July 1196 | Bressanone |
| County of Tyrol | Albert (Albert III in the NDB and ADB, Albert IV in other numberings) | Count of Tyrol, advocate | His father Count Henry I died on 14 June 1190 | Tyrol castle |
| Commune of Piacenza | Not pinned: the podestà in office on the morning of 1 January 1200 was not found in the sources read | Podestà, governing with the consuls | not pinned | Piacenza |
| Commune of Parma | Not pinned for the morning of 1 January 1200; Orlando Rossi (Rolando de' Rossi) was podestà during the 1199 campaign | Podestà, governing with the consuls | 1199 | Parma |
| Commune of Reggio | Not pinned: Reggio's officers for 1199 and 1200 were not found in the sources read | Podestà or consuls | not pinned | Reggio nell'Emilia |
| Commune of Modena | Not pinned: Modena's officers for 1199 and 1200 were not found in the sources read | Podestà or consuls | not pinned | Modena |
| Commune of Bologna | Orlando (Rolando) Rossi of Parma | Podestà | 1199 | Bologna |
| Commune of Faenza | Not pinned | Podestà or consuls of Faenza for 1199 | not pinned | Faenza |
| Commune of Forlì | Not pinned | Podestà or consuls of Forlì for 1199 | not pinned | Forlì |
| Commune of Ferrara | Salinguerra II Torelli | Podestà | 1199 | Ferrara |
| Commune of Rimini | Not pinned | Podestà or consuls of Rimini for 1199 | not pinned | Rimini |
| Commune of Ravenna | Not pinned (the city's leading man is Pietro Traversari) | Podestà of Ravenna for 1199 | not pinned | Ravenna |
| Commune of Pisa | Not pinned for the morning of 1 January 1200. Count Tedice della Gherardesca's second term as podestà ran from 9 April 1197 to 10 April 1199; the Dizionario Biografico says that in 1200 internal conflicts prevented the election of a supreme magistrate. Who governed between April 1199 and 1200 (consuls, rectors or an interim podestà) is not settled by the sources we could read. | The commune of Pisa | April 1199 | Pisa |
| Commune of Lucca | Not pinned. Lucca has had consuls since at least 1119 and podestà from 1187, alternating with consular years; we found no list naming the officers of 1199 or 1200. | The commune of Lucca | Lucca | |
| Commune of Pistoia | Not pinned. Pistoia has had a podestà since 1158, chosen from among its own citizens until 1219, when outsiders begin; we found no name for 1199 or 1200. | The commune of Pistoia | Pistoia | |
| Commune of Florence | Not pinned: the consuls of 1199 (names not found) or the podestà Paganello da Porcari | Consuls of the commune, or the commune's first foreign chief magistrate | Paganello da Porcari is attested as podestà in 1200, his | Firenze |
| Commune of Siena | Not pinned: Orlandino Malapresa of Lucca was Siena's first podestà in 1199; who governs on 1 January 1200 is not found | Podestà or consuls of the commune | 1199 | Siena |
| Commune of Arezzo | Not pinned (no list of Aretine consuls or podestà for 1199-1200 found) | Consuls of the commune | Arezzo | |
| The counts Guidi | Guido Guerra III | Count palatine in Tuscany | the death of his father Guido Guerra II | Modigliana |
| The counts Alberti | Alberto IV degli Alberti | Count | by 1164 | Mangona |
| The counts Aldobrandeschi | Ildebrandino VIII Aldobrandeschi | Count palatine | 1195 | Sovana |
| Smaller communes and their contadi | Each commune its own | |||
| Eastern Germany, Bohemia and Austria | ||||
| Mecklenburg and Schwerin | Henry Borwin I | lord | 30 December 1178 | Mecklenburg |
| Archbishopric of Magdeburg | Ludolf (of Kroppenstedt) | Archbishop of Magdeburg | 1192 | Magdeburg |
| Duchy of Pomerania | Bogislaw II and Casimir II, brothers ruling jointly (Bogislaw linked to Stettin, Casimir to Demmin) | dukes of Pomerania, or dukes of the Slavs | 18 March 1187, the death of their father Bogislaw I | Szczecin |
| Principality of Rügen | Jaromar I | prince of Rügen | 1170, first beside his brother Tetzlaw | Bergen auf Rügen |
| Margraviate of Brandenburg | Otto II (later called 'the Generous') | Margrave of Brandenburg | July 1184, on the death of his father Otto I | Brandenburg an der Havel |
| Margraviate of Meissen | Dietrich (Theoderic), called later 'the Oppressed' (der Bedrängte) | Margrave of Meissen | 1197-1198: the march came back to him after Henry VI died | Meißen |
| March of Lusatia | Conrad II | Margrave of the Eastern March | 1190 | Eilenburg |
| Kingdom of Bohemia | Ottokar I (Přemysl Otakar I) | King of Bohemia | Duke of Bohemia again since the settlement with his brother | Prague |
| Margraviate of Moravia | Vladislaus Henry (Vladislav Jindřich, Wladislaus Heinricus) | Margrave of Moravia | 6 December 1197 | Znojmo |
| Duchy of Bavaria | Louis I of Wittelsbach (Ludwig der Kelheimer) | Duke of Bavaria | 1183, on the death of his father Otto I | Kelheim |
| Archbishopric of Salzburg | Adalbert III (Vojtěch), a Přemyslid | Archbishop of Salzburg, metropolitan of the south-eastern Empire, prince of the Empire | Re-elected unanimously on 19 September 1183 with the | Salzburg |
| Bishopric of Passau | Wolfger of Erla (also called Wolfger of Ellenbrechtskirchen) | Bishop of Passau, prince of the Empire | Elected 1191 | Passau |
| Duchy of Austria | Leopold VI of Babenberg (later called the Glorious) | Duke of Austria | Austria since 16 April 1198, when his elder brother Duke | Vienna |
| Duchy of Styria | Leopold VI of Babenberg | Duke of Styria | Styria: on the death of his father Leopold V, who died at | Graz |
| Duchy of Carinthia | Ulrich II of Spanheim; in practice governed by his brother Bernhard | Duke of Carinthia | 1181 | Sankt Veit an der Glan |
| Southern Italy and the Islands | ||||
| The Papal State: the pope's own lands | Innocent III (Lotario dei Conti di Segni) | Pope, lord of the lands of St Peter | Elected 8 January 1198 | Roma |
| Commune of Rome | Pandolfo della Suburra (Pandulfus de Subura), a Roman of the pope's party | Senator of the City | Senator in late 1199, during the war with Viterbo | Roma |
| Diepold of Acerra and the German captains | Diepold of Schweinspeunt (Dipoldo, Diopuldus) | Count of Acerra | Castellan of Rocca d'Arce since September 1191 | Acerra |
| Kingdom of Sicily under the regency | Frederick (Frederick Roger; the future Emperor Frederick II) | King of Sicily, duke of Apulia and prince of Capua | 17 May 1198, crowned in Palermo cathedral | Palermo |
| Markward of Annweiler's party | Markward of Annweiler | Imperial seneschal | Claims the regency since Constance's death | Trapani |
| The Muslims of western Sicily | Not pinned: no source read names a Muslim leader for 1199-1200 | The leaders of the Muslim communities of the mountains | Withdrawn into the mountains since the troubles that | San Giuseppe Jato |
| Kingdom of Cagliari | William of Massa (Guglielmo di Massa), reigning under the dynastic name Salusio IV | Judge | 1187, when a Pisan intervention drove out Judge Peter | Santa Igia |
| Kingdom of Arborea | Peter I (Pietro I de Serra), a prisoner of William of Massa with his son Barisone; and Hugh I of Bas (Ugo I, Ugone de Bas), bound to William by a private pact | Judges | Peter: 1185, on the death of his father Barisone I | Oristano |
| Kingdom of Torres (Logudoro) | Comita (counted as Comita III, sometimes as Comita II), of the Lacon-Gunale | Judge | December 1198, chosen by the crown council | Ardara |
| Kingdom of Gallura | Not pinned. By the DBI's chronology, Barisone II (de Lacon-Gunale) is dead and the heir is his only daughter Elena, a child of about ten, held with her widowed mother by William of Massa, who has promised her to his brother-in-law William Malaspina; by the common lists Barisone II lives on until 1202 or 1203 | Judge | Barisone II: about 1170-1173 | Olbia |
| The Corsican lords | The Corsican lineages of the castles (the Cinarca lords beyond the mountains, the northern lords this side of them), under the overlordship Pisa claims; Genoa holds Bonifacio | No single ruler | Pisan overlordship from the papal grants of 1077-1091 | |
| Scandinavia | ||||
| Kingdom of Denmark | Canute VI (Knud VI) | king of the Danes and of the Wends | crowned co-king at Ringsted on 25 June 1170, the first | Roskilde |
| The Bagler and King Inge | Inge Magnusson | king of the Bagler | 1196: taken as king at the Haløre market in Danish Scania | Hamar |
| Kingdom of Norway: King Sverre and the Birkebeiner | Sverre Sigurdsson | King of Norway | Acclaimed king at the Øyrating in Nidaros in June 1177 | Bergen |
| Kingdom of the Swedes and the Götar | Sverker II Karlsson (Sverker the Younger) | king of the Swedes and the Götar | 1196, chosen on the death of King Knut Eriksson | Visingsö |
| Gotland: the land of the Gutes | the free farmers of Gotland in their assemblies; no lord, and no leader named for 1200 | the Gutnalthing, the assembly of all the Gutes, at Roma | time out of mind | Roma (Gutnalthing) |
| The Finns | none named | no ruler: each people and each district governs itself | Turku | |
| The Karelians | none named | no ruler: the Karelian communities and their leading men | Priozersk | |
| The Sami lands | none named | no ruler: the siida | Inari | |
| Iceland and the Faroes | ||||
| The commonwealth: other chieftains | Gissur Hallsson of Haukadalur, lawspeaker | No king and no prince | Lawspeaker since 1181 | Þingvellir |
| The Oddaverjar | Sæmundur Jónsson of Oddi | Head of the kindred | Since his father Jón Loftsson died on 1 November 1197 | Oddi |
| The Haukdælir | Gissur Hallsson of Haukadalur | Head of the kindred | Haukadalur | |
| The Sturlungar | Þórður, Sighvatur and Snorri Sturluson | No single head: the three sons of Hvamm-Sturla | ||
| The Ásbirningar | Kolbeinn Tumason of Víðimýri | Head of the kindred | From his coming of age, after his father Tumi Kolbeinsson | Víðimýri |
| The Svínfellingar | Sigurður Ormsson of Svínafell | Head of the kindred | Svínafell | |
| The Vatnsfirðingar | Þorvaldur Snorrason of Vatnsfjörður | Head of the kindred | Vatnsfjörður | |
| The Seldælir | Hrafn Sveinbjarnarson of Eyri | Head of the kindred | Eyri (Hrafnseyri) | |
| Poland, Hungary and the Adriatic | ||||
| Commune of Venice | Enrico Dandolo | Doge of Venice | Elected 21 June 1192 | Venezia |
| Duchy of Silesia | Bolesław I the Tall (Bolesław Wysoki; 'Boleslaus Altus' in the Silesian epitaphs) | Duke of Silesia | 1163, when Frederick Barbarossa forced his return from exile | Wrocław |
| Duchy of Opole | Jarosław of Opole | Duke of Opole for life | Duke since 1173 | Opole |
| Duchy of Racibórz | Mieszko I Tanglefoot (Mieszko Plątonogi, 'Loripes'; also called Crassus in a Silesian chronicle) | Duke of Racibórz | 1172/73 | Racibórz |
| Duchy of Greater Poland | Mieszko III the Old (Mieszko Stary) | Duke | 1138 in Greater Poland by his father's testament | Kalisz |
| Duchy of Kraków (the senior throne) | Mieszko III the Old (Mieszko Stary) | Senior duke | 1198, by treaty with Casimir II's widow Helen of Znojmo | Kraków |
| Duchy of Sandomierz | Leszek the White (Leszek Biały), with his mother Helen of Znojmo as guardian | Duke of Sandomierz | May 1194 | Sandomierz |
| Duchy of Masovia | Konrad, younger son of Casimir II the Just, a boy of about 12, holding with his elder brother Leszek the White (about 15) the lands their father left; their mother Helen of Znojmo governs | duke of Masovia | 5 May 1194 | Płock |
| Principality of Pomerelia | Sambor I | prince of the Pomeranians | 1177/1179, when he followed his father Sobiesław I | Gdańsk |
| The Prussians | No Prussian or Sudovian leader is named in the sources for 1200 | no prince: each land is governed by its own nobles and elders, who meet in assemblies of the free men | not applicable | |
| Kingdom of Hungary | Emeric (Imre) | King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia and Rama | 23 April 1196, on the death of his father Béla III | Esztergom |
| Voivodeship of Transylvania | Legforus | Voivode of Transylvania | Named as voivode in a royal charter of 1199, the first to | Alba Iulia |
| Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia | King Emeric (Imre), ruling through his ban; his brother Duke Andrew, whose duchy this was in 1198-1199, is a fugitive in Austria | King of Hungary, Dalmatia and Croatia | Emeric king since 23 April 1196 | Zagreb |
| Banate of Bosnia | Kulin | Ban of Bosnia | About 1180 | Visoko |
| Commune of Ragusa | Not pinned for 1199-1200. The last count on record is Gervasius (Krvaš), to whom Ban Kulin's charter of 29 August 1189 is addressed. | Count | not pinned | Dubrovnik |
| The Balkans and Byzantium | ||||
| The Byzantine Empire (the Empire of the Romans) | Alexios III Angelos, who signs and styles himself Alexios Komnenos | Emperor and autocrat of the Romans | 8 April 1195, when the army in Thrace acclaimed him while | Istanbul |
| Kaloyan's Bulgaria (the realm of the Bulgarians and Vlachs) | Kaloyan (Ivan, Ioannitsa) | Tsar | 1197, sole ruler after the murder of his brother | Veliko Turnovo |
| Ivanko's breakaway domain in the Rhodopes | Ivanko, called Alexios after his marriage | Rebel lord in Thrace and the Rhodopes | His revolt: 1199 in Choniates's order of events | Plovdiv |
| Grand principality of Serbia (Raška) | Stefan Nemanjic (the later Stefan the First-Crowned) | Grand zupan | 25 March 1196 | Ras (Gradina) |
| Zeta (Dioclea): Vukan's share | Vukan Nemanjic | King of Dioclea and Dalmatia | about 1190 | Podgorica (Ribnica) |
| Principality of Hum | Divided: the boy Andrija (Andrew), Miroslav's son, holds the Ston coast and Popovo; his brother Peter (Petar) holds northern Hum | Prince | the division after Miroslav's death in 1198 | Ston |
| Arbanon: the archons of Kruja | Gjin (Ginius), son of Progon | Archon of Arbanon | about 1198 | Kruje |
| Chrysos's domain of Prosek and Strumica | Dobromir Chrysos | Lord of Prosek and Strumica | 1196 at Strumica | Demir Kapija |
| County of Kefalonia and Zakynthos | Matthew (Maio), an Apulian of Monopoli, 'Matthew of Cephalonia', later called Orsini: on the usual account | Count | Not pinned: about 1194-1195 on the usual account | Castle of St George, Kefalonia |
| The Baltic and Rus' | ||||
| The Estonians | None named for 1200 | No ruler | not applicable | |
| The Livs | No single leader on 1 January 1200 | No ruler | not applicable | Turaida hillfort |
| The Latgalians | Not pinned for 1 January 1200 | No single ruler | not applicable | Jersika hillfort |
| The Selonians | None named for 1200 | No ruler named | not applicable | Selpils hillfort |
| The Semigallians | None named for 1200 | No ruler | not applicable | Tervete hillfort |
| The Curonians | None named for 1200 | No ruler | not applicable | Kuldiga hillfort (Veckuldiga) |
| The Lithuanians | not pinned: no Lithuanian duke is named in any source before Žvelgaitis, who appears in Henry of Livonia in the winter of 1204-1205 | the dukes | not pinned | Kernave |
| The Samogitians | not pinned: no Samogitian is named before the treaty of 1219, which lists Erdvilas and Vykintas as 'the Samogitian dukes' | dukes and elders of the Samogitian lands | not pinned | |
| Gorodno and the Rus' towns of Black Ruthenia | not pinned: a prince of the line of Vsevolodko of Gorodno is the likeliest holder; none is named after the early 1180s | prince of Gorodno | not pinned | Hrodna |
| Principality of Polotsk | Vladimir (Henry of Livonia's 'king Woldemar') | prince of Polotsk | not pinned: Henry of Livonia has him already prince when | Polatsk |
| Principality of Smolensk | Mstislav Romanovich (later 'the Old', prince of Kiev 1212/1214-1223) | prince of Smolensk | 1197, after his uncle David Rostislavich died on 23 April | Smolensk |
| Novgorod the Great | Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich | prince of Novgorod, installed on the town's terms | 1 January 1200, St Basil's day: the Novgorod chronicle | Velikiy Novgorod |
| Grand principality of Vladimir-Suzdal | Vsevolod III Yuryevich, baptismal name Dmitry, called Big Nest (Bolshoe Gnezdo) for his many children | grand prince | 1176 | Vladimir |
| Principality of Ryazan with Pronsk | Roman Glebovich | Prince of Ryazan, senior of the sons of Gleb | about 1180 | Staraya Ryazan |
| Principality of Murom | Vladimir Yuryevich | Prince of Murom | the 1170s, after his father Yuri Vladimirovich | Murom |
| Volga Bulgaria | not pinned (modern popular histories name Ghabdulla Chelbir, emir about 1178 to about 1223) | Emir | not pinned | Bilyar |
| The Mordvins and the Meshchera | none named for 1200 | no ruler: clans and their elders | Saransk | |
| The Chernigov land of the Olgovichi | Igor Sviatoslavich | Senior prince of the Olgovichi, holding the Chernigov throne | 1198, on the death of his cousin Yaroslav Vsevolodovich | Chernihiv |
| The Kiev land of Rurik Rostislavich | Rurik Rostislavich, baptised Vasily | Prince of Kiev | Summer 1194, when he came from Ovruch to Kiev after the | Kiev |
| The southern Pereyaslavl (Vsevolod III's) | Vsevolod III Yurievich (Big Nest), grand prince of Vladimir, as lord; in the town, his great-nephew Yaroslav Mstislavich if he still lives, otherwise Vsevolod's governors | Lord of Pereyaslavl | Vsevolod's hold dates from after the death of Pereyaslavl's | Pereyaslav-Khmel'nyts'kyy |
| Turov and Pinsk | Ivan Yurievich, as the Belarusian princely lists give him for 1195-1207 (low confidence) | Prince of Turov, senior of the Turov-Pinsk princes | 1195 by those lists, after a Gleb | Turaw |
| Roman's Galicia and Volhynia | Roman Mstislavich (later called Roman the Great) | Prince of Vladimir | Vladimir-Volynsky since 1170 | Krylos (old Galich) |
| The other Volhynian princes (Lutsk, Peresopnitsa, Belz) | Ingvar Yaroslavich of Lutsk, his brother Mstislav Yaroslavich the Mute of Peresopnitsa, and Alexander Vsevolodovich of Belz | No single ruler | Lutsk: Ingvar since 1180-1183 | Luts'k |
| The Cumans | No khan rules all the Cumans. The great khan of the last generation is Konchak of the Don (last securely mentioned in 1187; alive on 1 January 1200 not pinned). No khan is named for 1198-1200 in the sources reached. | no single ruler: each horde follows its own khan and his kin | not applicable | |
| The Latin East and the Ayyubids | ||||
| Kingdom of Jerusalem | Aimery of Lusignan (as king, Amalric II) and Queen Isabella I | King and queen of Jerusalem | Isabella has been the recognised queen since April 1192, | Akko |
| Principality of Antioch | Bohemond III ('the Stammerer') | Prince of Antioch | 1163, when the barons ended the rule of his mother Constance | Antakya |
| County of Tripoli | Bohemond IV | Count of Tripoli | late 1187 | Tripoli |
| Kingdom of Cyprus | Aimery of Lusignan (Amalric, Amaury, Haimeri in the Old French chronicles) | King of Cyprus | Lord of Cyprus from late 1194, elected by his brother Guy's | Nicosia |
| Al-Adil's lands: Damascus, Kerak and the south | Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ayyub, al-Malik al-Adil | al-Malik al-Adil Sayf al-Din, lord of Damascus, Kerak and Shawbak | Damascus since summer 1196 | Damascus |
| Homs (Shirkuh II) | Asad al-Din Shirkuh II ibn Muhammad ibn Shirkuh | al-Malik al-Mujahid, lord of Homs | 1186 | Homs |
| Baalbek (Bahramshah) | Majd al-Din Bahramshah ibn Farrukhshah | al-Malik al-Amjad, lord of Baalbek | 1182 | Baalbek |
| Aleppo (al-Zahir Ghazi) | Ghazi ibn Yusuf (al-Zahir Ghazi), son of Saladin | Prince | 1186 | Aleppo |
| Hama (al-Mansur Muhammad) | Muhammad ibn Umar (al-Mansur Muhammad), son of al-Muzaffar Taqi al-Din Umar | Prince | 1191 | Hamah |
| The Nizaris (the Assassins) of the Syrian mountains | Probably Nasr al-Ajami, the Persian da'i sent from Alamut to succeed Rashid al-Din Sinan (not pinned for 1 January 1200; some accounts name Sinan's successor Abu Mansur ibn Muhammad) | Chief missionary | After Sinan's death in 1193 | Masyaf |
| The Ayyubid Jazira (al-Adil's, under al-Kamil) | al-Malik al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub, Saladin's brother; the lands run for him by his eldest son al-Malik al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad | lord | the Jazira lands were given to al-Adil by Saladin after | Harran |
| Mosul (Nur al-Din Arslan Shah) | Nur al-Din Arslan Shah I ibn Izz al-Din Mas'ud ibn Mawdud | atabeg, lord of Mosul | late Sha'ban 589 | Mosul |
| Sinjar (Qutb al-Din Muhammad) | Qutb al-Din Muhammad ibn Imad al-Din Zengi II | lord | his father's death, late 1197 | Sinjar |
| Jazirat ibn Umar (Sanjar Shah) | Mu'izz al-Din Sanjar Shah ibn Sayf al-Din Ghazi II | lord | 576 AH | Cizre |
| Irbil (Gokbori) | Muzaffar al-Din Gokbori ibn Zayn al-Din Ali Kuchuk | lord of Irbil | 1190 | Erbil |
| Mardin (the Artuqids of Mardin) | Husam al-Din Yuluq (Yavlak) Arslan ibn Qutb al-Din Il-Ghazi II | lord | 1184, as a child | Mardin |
| Hisn Kayfa and Amid (the Artuqids of Hisn Kayfa) | Qutb al-Din Sukman II ibn Nur al-Din Muhammad | lord | 1185, on his father's death | Diyarbakir |
| Ayyubid Egypt under the boy sultan al-Mansur | Nasir al-Din Muhammad, al-Malik al-Mansur, son of al-Aziz Uthman, grandson of Saladin | al-Malik al-Mansur, sultan of Egypt in name | The death of his father al-Aziz Uthman in late November 1198 | Cairo |
| Anatolia and the Caucasus | ||||
| The Seljuk sultanate of Rum | Rukn al-Din Süleymanshah II (Süleyman Şah), son of Kılıç Arslan II | sultan of Rum, at Ikonion | enthroned at Konya on 8 Dhu'l-Qa'da 592 AH | Konya |
| Erzurum: the Saltukids | Mama Khatun (Melike Mama Hatun), daughter of Izz al-Din Saltuk II | Ruler of Erzurum | 587 AH | Erzurum |
| Erzincan and Divriği: the Mengujekids | Fakhr al-Din Bahramshah son of Dawud | Melik of Erzincan and Kemah | 560 AH | Erzincan |
| Harput: the Artuqids of Harput | Imad al-Din Abu Bakr son of Qara Arslan | Emir of Harput | 581 AH | Harput |
| Ahlat: the Begtimurids, heirs of the Shah-Armens | al-Malik al-Mansur Muhammad son of Sayf al-Din Begtimur | Ruler of Ahlat | 594 AH | Ahlat |
| Armenian Cilicia: the kingdom of Leo | Leo I (Levon; 'Lewon' in Smbat's chronicle; Leo II in the older numbering that counts the Roupenid lord Leo of 1129-1137) | King of the Armenians | Lord from 1187, when his brother Roupen III gave up the | Kozan |
| Kingdom of Georgia | Tamar (Tamar the Great), of the Bagrationi house | King | Crowned co-ruler by her father George III in 1178 | Tbilisi |
| The Alans and the mountain peoples | Not pinned. The Alan royal house of David Soslan's kin (the line Prince Vakhushti calls Aton and Jadaron) is the leading family; who heads it in 1199-1200 is not recorded | Princes of the Alans | Not pinned | Alagir |
| The Eldiguzid atabegs of Azerbaijan | Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan | Atabeg of Azerbaijan and Arran | 587 AH | Tabriz |
| Shirvan | Akhsitan I ibn Manuchihr, or his brother and successor Shahanshah: not pinned | Shirvanshah | Akhsitan reigned from after 1160 | Shamakhi |
| Derbent | Abd al-Malik ibn Bek-Bars (the modern lists put his rule about 1180 to about 1222) | Emir | About 1180 | Derbent |
| The Turkmen of the frontier (uç) | None named for 1 January 1200; the one chief named in these years is the emir Arsanes (about 1191-1196) | Emirs | ||
| Persia and the Eastern Islamic World | ||||
| The Abbasid caliphate: al-Nasir's Iraq and Khuzistan | Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad al-Nasir li-Din Allah, son of the caliph al-Mustadi | Caliph, Commander of the Faithful | 2 Dhu'l-Qa'da 575 | Baghdad |
| The Uyunids of al-Hasa, Qatif and Bahrain | Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Husayn Ahmad al-Uyuni (called in the sources Muhammad ibn Ahmad) | emir | 587 | Al Qatif |
| Greater Lur: the Hazaraspid atabegs | Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad (Iranica's Hazaraspid entry gives Abu Tahir Ali ibn Muhammad) | Atabeg of Greater Lur | about 550/1155 as an independent lord | Izeh |
| Lesser Lur: the Khurshidid atabegs | Shuja al-Din Khurshid | Atabeg of Lesser Lur | 580/1184-85, when his overlord Husam al-Din, the Turkmen | Khorramabad |
| The Kurds of the Zagros | not named for 1199-1200 in the sources read | No single ruler: tribal chiefs | not pinned | |
| Fars: the Salghurid atabegs | Abu Shuja' Sa'd ibn Zangi (in Shiraz), challenged in arms by his cousin Qutb al-Din Tughril ibn Sunqur | Atabeg of Fars | 594 AH | Shiraz |
| The Shabankara of Ij and Darabgird | Not pinned. The leaders named for about 1200 are Qutb al-Din Mubariz and his brother Nizam al-Din Mahmud | Chief | Not pinned | Ij |
| Yazd: the atabegs | Izz al-Din Langar | Atabeg of Yazd | 590 AH | Yazd |
| The Qufs of the Kerman hills | Governed for the Khwarazmshah Tekish by the atabeg Nusrat al-Din, son of Muhammad Oner (so Bosworth); whether he is still in Bardasir that winter is not pinned | No prince of Kerman's own on 1 January 1200 | 592 AH | Kerman |
| The kings of Old Hormuz | Not pinned (a king of the line of Muhammad Dirhamkub) | Malik of Hormuz | Not pinned | Old Hormuz |
| Kish: the island lords of the Gulf | Not pinned | Malik | Not pinned | Harira (Kish town) |
| Oman | Not pinned (a Nabhanid malik; Muhammad al-Fallah, who took power by 1154, died 1176) | Malik of Oman | Not pinned | Bahla |
| Makran and the Baluch | Not pinned | Chiefs of Makran | Not pinned | Panjgur |
| The Nizari Ismailis of Alamut | Nur al-Din Muhammad II (A'la Muhammad), son of Hasan II | Imam of the Nizari Ismailis, lord | 561 AH | Alamut |
| Tabaristan: the Bavandid kings | Husam al-Dawla Ardashir ibn Hasan | King | 568 AH | Sari |
| Gilan and Daylam | not pinned: local chiefs of the Gil (lowland) and Daylami (hill) communities, none named for 1199-1200 in the sources read | No single ruler | not pinned | Lahijan |
| The Khwarazmshah's realm | Ala al-Din Tekish ibn Il-Arslan ibn Atsiz | Khwarazmshah | 1172 | Gurganj (Konye-Urgench) |
| The Kangli and Qipchaq of the steppe | the khans of the separate tribes and clans; none paramount that is named for 1200 | no single ruler | not applicable | |
| The Turkmen (Ghuzz) | the chiefs of the separate clans; none named for 1200 | no single ruler | not applicable | |
| The Ghurid sultanate | Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fath Muhammad ibn Baha al-Din Sam, at Firuzkuh; with his younger brother Mu'izz al-Din (Shihab al-Din) Muhammad ibn Sam, sultan at Ghazni | Sultan | 558 AH | Firuzkuh (Jam) |
| Sistan: the Nasrid maliks | Taj al-Din Harb ibn Muhammad ibn Nasr | Malik of Nimruz | About 1167-1169 | Zaranj (the city of Sistan) |
| Lower Sindh: the Sumras | Not pinned. Late Sindhi lists name Bhungar (Bhoongar) II as reigning 1195-1226; they are unreliable. | Chief | not pinned | Mansura (lower Sindh; the Sumra seat is not pinned) |
| Kingdom of Kashmir | Jagadeva | King | 1198 or 1199 | Srinagar |
| The Qara Khitai: the gurkhan's own lands | Yelu Zhilugu | Gurkhan | 1177-78: enthroned after the killing of his aunt, the | Balasagun (Quz Ordu), at the Burana site |
| Samarkand: the Western Qarakhanids | Ibrahim b. Husayn (Ibrahim IV) | Khan | 574 AH | Samarqand |
| Bukhara: the sadrs of the house of Burhan | Not pinned: most likely Burhan al-Din Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abd al-Aziz (Muhammad II), attested as sadr and effective ruler by 1206-07; his predecessor Burhan al-Din Abd al-Aziz II b. Muhammad died in 593 (1196-97) | Sadr | Not pinned | Bukhara |
| Ferghana: the khans of Uzgend | Not pinned. The last khan attested before 1200 is Tughrul Khaqan Muhammad, on the throne in 578 (1182); the next is Ulugh Sultan Qadir Khan, who takes power at Uzgend in 606 (1210) and whom Barthold calls Jalal al-Din Qadir Khan, 'Great Sultan', in 1212 | Khan | Not pinned | Uzgen |
| Kashgar: the Eastern Qarakhanids | Abu'l-Muzaffar Yusuf b. Muhammad | Khan of Kashgar, head of the Eastern Qarakhanids | About 1180 | Kashi |
| The Maghreb and the Sahara | ||||
| The Almohad caliphate of Muhammad al-Nasir | Muhammad al-Nasir (Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, al-Nasir li-Din Allah) | Caliph | 22 Rabi I 595 | Marrakesh |
| The veiled Sanhaja of the western Sahara | Not known for 1 January 1200 | No single ruler: the chiefs of the clans of each tribe | Atar | |
| The Canary Islanders | Not known for 1200 | No common ruler: each island under its own chiefs | Galdar | |
| The free Zenata: the Banu Marin and the steppe | The Banu Marin under Abd al-Haqq ibn Mahyu (since 1195); the Banu Abd al-Wad, the Banu Tujin, the Maghrawa of the Chelif and the Banu Rashid under chiefs whose names for 1 January 1200 are not pinned | No single ruler: each tribe answers to its own chief | The Zenata tribes have held the steppe and parts of the | El Aricha |
| The Ibadi communities | Not known: no head of the azzaba of the Mzab, Ouargla, the Jabal Nafusa or Djerba is named for 1 January 1200 in the sources reached | No single ruler: each community is governed by its council of clerics | The Ibadi imamate of Tahert fell to the Fatimids in 909 | Ouargla |
| The oases of the northern Sahara | Not known: no notable of Tuat, Gourara, Tidikelt, the Saoura or Figuig is named for 1 January 1200 | No single ruler: each fortified village | Not pinned: the qsur are older than the written record | Timimoun |
| The Banu Ghaniya, the last Almoravids | Yahya ibn Ishaq ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Ghaniya al-Massufi, called al-Mayurqi (the Majorcan) | Amir, head of the African branch of the Banu Ghaniya | 584 AH | Gabes |
| Qaraqush and his Ghuzz | Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush al-Armani al-Muzaffari al-Nasiri, called al-Taqawi and al-Ghuzzi | Amir | In Africa since 568 AH | Waddan |
| Mahdia under the rebel al-Ragragi | Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim al-Ragragi (al-Rajraji) | Self-styled ruler of Mahdia with the title al-Mutawakkil 'ala Allah | 595 AH | Mahdia |
| The Arab tribes: Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym | The shaykhs of the clans (names mostly not known for 1200); in Ifriqiya the best known is Muhammad ibn Mas'ud of the Dawawida (Riyah), whose father Mas'ud al-Ballat died at the taking of Tripoli in Qaraqush's service | No single ruler: each tribe and clan answers to its own shaykhs | The Hilal and Sulaym came west from Upper Egypt from | Ajdabiya |
| The Fezzan | Not known. The Banu Khattab of Zawila, Ibadi Hawwara kings of the Fezzan since about 918, ended when Qaraqush captured their last king, Muhammad ibn Khattab, and let him die under torture (572 AH, 1176-77) | No dynasty: the notables of Zawila and the oasis towns | 1176-77 | Zawila |
| The veiled Berbers of the central Sahara (the later Tuareg) | none: each town, clan and confederation has its own chief; none is named for 1 January 1200 | no single ruler | not applicable | Essouk |
| The Tubu of the Tibesti and Borkou | None. No Tubu chief is named in any source for about 1200 | no single ruler: clan heads and lineage elders | - | Bardai (Tibesti; no capital) |
| West Africa: the Sudan and Guinea | ||||
| The kingdom of Takrur | Not known. The later Futa Toro tradition would make him a king of the Manna dynasty, remembered as Soninke of the Sumaare clan, but it gives no dated names | King of Takrur | Not known | Takrur (site not known; stand-in point on the Ile a Morphil) |
| Ghana (Wagadu) | Not known. No source names the king who reigned on 1 January 1200. Al-Idrisi (1154) describes a Muslim king who claimed descent from al-Hasan, the Prophet's grandson. The later Soninke tradition gives the royal clan as the Cisse (Sisse) and names Soumaba Cisse as king of Wagadu in Sundiata's time (the 1230s). Delafosse's list (1912), repeated on Wikipedia, makes a Sosso, Diara Kante, ruler of Ghana from 1180 to 1202 and Soumaba Cisse a Sosso vassal from 1203; that list has no support in the Arabic sources and Conrad (1984) showed it mixes unrelated traditions. | King of Ghana | Not pinned | Koumbi Saleh |
| The Sosso kingdom of the Kante | Not pinned between two men. Kemoko (Sosoe Kemoko in Mamadou Kouyate's version), who in Niane's account united Kaniaga and Sosso into one kingdom towards the end of the twelfth century; or his son Soumaoro (Sumanguru) Kante, whose reign the same tradition starts 'about 1200' (Niane gives 1200-1235). Delafosse called the father Diara Kante and dated him 1180-1200. Camara Laye's version names the father Diarra Diarrasso. Conrad (1984) found no evidence linking Delafosse's Diara Kante to Soumaoro, and noted there may have been several Kante kings of whom only Soumaoro is remembered. | King of Sosso | Kemoko: towards the end of the twelfth century | Boron |
| Diara | Not known: a king of the Niakhate (Nyakhate) line. No king's name survives before the last Niakhate, Seriba, who lost the throne to the Diawara in the early fifteenth century. | King of Diara | Not pinned | Diarra |
| Mema | Not known for 1200: a king of the Tunkara (Tounkara) clan. The king who receives the young Sundiata in exile, a generation later, is Mansa Tunkara (Niane). | King of Mema | Not pinned | Nampala |
| The Mande chiefdoms (Manden) | No single holder. The Keita chief of Kiri on 1 January 1200 is Maghan Kon Fatta (Nare Fa Maghan, Farako Maghan Kegni), Sundiata's father, or his predecessor: Niane says Maghan Kon Fatta ruled 'at the beginning of the thirteenth century'. | No king over all: the chiefdoms | Not pinned | Narena |
| Jenne and the inland delta | Konboro, or a predecessor of his: not pinned. The Ta'rikh al-Sudan says Konboro was the first ruler to accept Islam and that the townsmen converted 'towards the end of the sixth century of the Hijra', that is between about 1180 and 1204. Whether he had converted, or even reigned, on 1 January 1200 cannot be settled. | Sultan of Jenne in the Ta'rikh al-Sudan | Not pinned | Djenne |
| Gao (Kawkaw): the Songhay kingdom | not known | za or zuwa | not known | Gao |
| Kanem: the Sayfawa mai | Selema II (also Salmama, Salma, Tselma, Jilim; Arabic name Abd al-Jalil), son of mai Abdallah I Bikur (Bikorom) | mai | 1194 in Barth's and Palmer's counts | Njimi (approximate position in central Kanem; site not identified) |
| The Sao towns | None known for 1 January 1200 | no single ruler: each town under its own ruler | - | Kousseri |
| Kano | Naguji, son of Yusa (Tsaraki) | sarki | 1194 in Palmer's reconstruction | Kano |
| Katsina (the Durbawa) | Not known | the Durbi, priest-chief of the Durbawa | Not known | Durbi Takusheyi (approximate: near Mani, about 30 km east-south-east of Katsina) |
| Daura | Not known | queen or king of Daura | Not known | Daura |
| Gobir | Not known | sarki of Gobir | Not known | Gobir (seat not known; stand-in point in the Tarka valley south of Aïr) |
| Zazzau | Not known | sarki of Zazzau | Not known | Turunku (stand-in: Igabi, headquarters area of the LGA where Turunku lies) |
| Rano and Biram | Not known | the sarki of each town | Not known | Rano |
| The Akan of the Bono country and Begho | Not known | No king attested | Not applicable | Begho |
| Ife | Not known. No Ife king list can be dated: the lists name Oduduwa as the founder, then (in differing orders) Obalufon Ogbogbodirin, Obalufon Alayemore, Oranmiyan, Ayetise, Lajamisan and others, with no years. If Benin's court date for Oranmiyan's mission (about 1170) is right, the ooni of 1200 belongs to the Obalufon or Oranmiyan generation; if Blier's dating of Obalufon II to about 1300 is right, he is one of the first names after Oduduwa. | Ooni of Ife | not pinned | Ile-Ife |
| The Yoruba towns | Not applicable. The rulers of 1200 are not known by name anywhere in the Yoruba country. | No single ruler: each town is governed by its own oba | not pinned | Ilesa |
| Benin | Not pinned. In the court tradition dated by Egharevba, Oranmiyan of Ife came about 1170 and left, and his son Eweka (Eweka I) is made king about 1200, so on 1 January 1200 the boy is on the point of accession or newly installed. In most other datings the kingdom is still in the interregnum after the last ogiso, Owodo: the elders' council governs and the house of Evian and his son Ogiamwen holds the old palace (Bondarenko and Roese put the interregnum in the second half of the twelfth century and the new dynasty in the early thirteenth; Bradbury about 1300; Freyer and Mowat the late fourteenth century; Darling about 1450). | The kingship of the Edo at Benin City | not pinned | Benin City |
| Nri | Buife (Eze Nri Buife), in Onwuejeogwu's reconstruction, which gives him 1159-1259; the hundred-year span shows that these dates are generation estimates, not a reign. In Chambers's dating (2005) the first Eze Nri, Ifikuanim, belongs about 1225, so on 1 January 1200 no Eze Nri would yet reign and the ritual leadership would lie with the elders of Eri's descendants. | Eze Nri | 1159 in Onwuejeogwu's reconstruction | Nri |
| Nubia and the Horn of Africa | ||||
| Makuria (Dotawo) under King Basil | Basil (Basileios; counted Basil II in modern lists) | King of Dotawo | Not pinned | Old Dongola |
| Alodia (Alwa) | Not pinned. Mouse (Moses), king of Makuria from 1155, inherited Alodia from his father Paulos; in 1186 Mouse and his co-king Georgios VI wrote to the Coptic patriarch as kings of Makuria and Alodia. Whether Basil of Makuria (reigning there in 1198-1199) or another prince of the Alodian line holds Soba on 1 January 1200 is not known. | King of Alodia | Not pinned | Soba |
| The Beja | Not pinned. No Beja chief south of Aydhab is named for 1199-1200. The leading Muslim clan of the north are the Hadariba (al-Hadarib), whose chief shares the dues of Aydhab with the sultan's officer (Egypt map); Suakin has its own ruler (name not known). | No single ruler: the chiefs of the Beja clans and the ruler of Suakin | Not pinned | Suakin |
| The Daju of Darfur | Not known | King of the Daju | Not pinned | Jebel Marra (south) |
| The Zagwe kingdom of Lalibela | Lalibela (Gebre Meskel Lalibela) | King | Not pinned | Lalibela |
| Damot | Not known for 1 January 1200 | King of Damot | Not pinned | Maldarede |
| The Makhzumi sultanate of Shewa | Not known for 1 January 1200 | Sultan of Shewa | Not pinned | Walalah |
| The sultanate of Dahlak | Not pinned. The line founded by Mubarak, whose tombstone gives his death in 1093, apparently still rules: Margariti (2009) carries it to about 1230, van Donzel and Kon (2005) to 1249. No tombstone of a ruling sultan who died close to 1200 is named in the sources read. | Sultan of Dahlak | Not pinned | Dahlak Kebir |
| Zeila | Not known. No source names a ruler of Zeila between al-Yaqubi (late ninth century) and the Walashma sultans of Ifat, who held it by the fourteenth century (later). | The rulers of Zeila | Not pinned | Zeila |
| The Somali clans | Not applicable. No Somali ruler of 1200 is named in any source. | No single ruler: clan elders and their councils | Not applicable | |
| The Afar | Not applicable. No Afar chief of 1200 is named. The Afar sultanates (the Dankali kingdom of Beylul, Aussa, Tadjoura, Rahaita, Gobaad, Biru) are attested from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and later. | No single ruler: clan chiefs and elders | Not applicable | |
| Arabia | ||||
| Ayyubid Yemen under al-Mu'izz Isma'il | Isma'il ibn Tughtekin ibn Ayyub, kunya Abu al-Fida (al-Mu'izz Isma'il) | al-Malik al-Mu'izz, ruler of Yemen | Shawwal 593 | Zabid |
| The Zaydi imamate of al-Mansur Abd Allah ibn Hamza | Abd Allah ibn Hamza ibn Sulayman | Imam, with the regnal name al-Mansur bi-llah | Da'wa | Sa'dah |
| The Hamdanid sultans (Banu Hatim) of Kawkaban | Ali ibn Hatim al-Yami al-Hamdani (al-Wahid) | Sultan | 1161 as sultan of Sana'a | Kawkaban |
| The Sulaymani sharifs of the Mikhlaf | Not pinned (the house of Ghanim ibn Yahya; Wahhas ibn Ghanim died 1164 and his brother Qasim soon after 1174) | Sharif, head of the Sulaymani house | Not pinned | Jizan |
| The emirate of Mecca under Mukthir ibn Isa | Mukthir (Mukaththir) ibn Isa ibn Fulayta al-Hashimi al-Hasani | Emir | Emir off and on from the night of 15 Rajab 571 | Mecca |
| The emirate of Medina under Salim ibn Qasim | Salim ibn Qasim ibn Muhanna al-Husayni | Emir | By Jumada II 590 | Medina |
| Qatada ibn Idris and the sharifs of Wadi Yanbu | Qatada ibn Idris ibn Muta'in al-Hasani (Abu Aziz) | Sharif and chief of the Dhawu Muta'in, master of Wadi Yanbu | not pinned: he won Wadi Yanbu, then Wadi al-Safra, before | Yanbu al-Nakhl (al-Alqamiyya) |
| Hadramawt: the Al Rashid of Tarim and the tribes | Abd Allah ibn Rashid ibn Shaj'ana al-Qahtani (the Al Rashid) | Lord of Tarim, the strongest of the rulers of Hadramawt | 593 AH | Tarim |
| Dhofar: the lords of Mirbat and Zafar | Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Akhal al-Manjawi (Shanbal's 'Muhammad ibn Manjuh'), if still alive; see the note on his death | Lord of Mirbat and Zafar | Not pinned | Mirbat |
| The Mahra | Not known for 1199-1200 | No single ruler: the shaykhs of the Mahra clans | Not known | Qishn |
| Socotra, the Christian island | Not known: no ruler or headman of Socotra is named for 1200 | Ruler of Socotra | Not known | Suq |
| The Bedouin tribes | Few named for 1199-1200 in the sources read | No single leader: each tribe follows its own shaykhs | ||
| The Swahili Coast and the Gold Country | ||||
| Mogadishu and its elders | Not known | No king: the town's affairs are managed by its leading men | Not pinned | Mogadishu |
| The Swahili towns | Not known | No single ruler: each town under its own king, shaykh or council of patrician lineages | Not pinned | Shanga |
| Kilwa under its Shirazi sultans, with Mafia | Not pinned. On the Freeman-Grenville and Bosworth reckoning of the Kilwa Chronicle (reign lengths counted forward from 957), the sultan on 1 January 1200 is al-Husain bin Sulaiman, who acceded about 1191 and reigned 25 years. On the reading now usual among archaeologists (Ali bin al-Hasan's coins in the late eleventh century), he is a sultan of the middle of Ali's line whose name cannot be fixed. On Chittick's 1965 reading, the founder Ali bin al-Hasan himself was only arriving about 1200. | Sultan of Kilwa | Not pinned | Kilwa Kisiwani |
| The Comoros | Not known: no chief of the Comoros is named for this date | No ruler over the islands | Not pinned | Sima |
| The land of Sofala | Not known. No ruler of Sofala is named in any source for 1200; the first named ruler is the elderly shaykh Yusuf (Isuf) whom the Portuguese met in 1502 | No single ruler is attested: the chiefs of the coast and, at the main anchorage, a headman over the trading | Not pinned | Sofala |
| The K2 kingdom of the middle Limpopo (Mapungubwe) | Not known. Later Venda oral tradition names Shiriyadenga about 1220 and Tshidziwelele about 1300, but these are late traditions and tell us nothing about 1 January 1200 | Sacred ruler of the middle Limpopo, living at the capital K2 | Not pinned | K2 (Bambandyanalo) |
| The chiefdoms of the Zimbabwe plateau | Not known | No paramount: many chiefdoms | Not pinned | Great Zimbabwe |
| The Toutswe chiefdoms | Not known | The chiefs of the three great hill centres | Not pinned | Toutswemogala |
| The Tarim, the Uyghurs and Xia | ||||
| The oasis lordships of the Tarim, vassals of the Qara Khitai | Yelu Zhilugu (suzerain; reign from 1177 or 1178, sources differ). The local lords are mostly not known. | No single ruler: a group of oasis lordships, each under its own prince, governor, sangha or headmen | Qara Khitai suzerainty over the Eastern Qarakhanids dates | Hotan |
| The Uyghur kingdom of Qocho and Beshbaliq | not known for 1 January 1200 | Idiqut | not known | Gaochang |
| The Qarluq and the nomads of the Ili, the Zhetysu and Dzungaria | Arslan Khan is attested as the Qarluq ruler at Qayaliq when he submits to Chinggis in 1211; Ozar (Buzar) is attested as lord of Almaliq in 1211. Who held either seat on 1 January 1200 is not pinned. | Arslan Khan, khan | not known | Qayaliq |
| Great Xia, the Tangut empire | Weiming Chunyou (Chinese Li Chunyou), temple name Huanzong | Huangdi | 16 October 1193 | Yinchuan |
| Self-governing peoples of The Tarim, the Uyghurs and Xia | None named for 1199-1200 in the sources read | No ruler: each valley, camp and people follows its own headmen and elders | ||
| Mongolia and the Steppe | ||||
| The Naiman of Tayang and Buyiruq | Tai Buqa (called Tayang Khan) and Buyiruq | Two khans of one house: Tayang Khan for the steppe Naiman, Buyiruq Khan for the mountain Naiman | The house divided after the death of Inanch Bilge Khan | Zaysan |
| The Oirat of Qutuqa Beki | Qutuqa Beki (Khudukha, Quduqa) | Beki | not known | Toora-Khem |
| The Yenisei Kyrgyz | Not known for 1200. In 1207 the sources name Yedi Inal, Aldier and Olebek-tegin | Princes | not known | Abakan |
| The Kereyit of Toghrul, Ong Khan | Toghrul (To'oril, Toghril; Rashid's Tughril; Chinese Tuoli, Wang Han) | Khan | Khan of the Kereyit since the 1160s or 1170s | Ulaanbaatar |
| The Merkit of Toqto'a Beki | Toqto'a Beki (Tokhta Beki, Toqtoa, Tuqtu'a) | Beki | Not known | Suhbaatar |
| Temujin's Mongols | Temujin (not yet Chinggis Khan: that title is taken at the assembly of 1206 on the Onon) | Khan | elected khan about 1189 | Temujin's winter ordo (board estimate) |
| The Tayichi'ut of Tarqutai | Tarqutai Kiriltuq (Targutai Kiriltuk) | Senior noyan of the Tayichi'ut | not pinned | Tayichi'ut winter camp, lower Onon (not pinned) |
| Jamuqa's following | Jamuqa | Chief of the Jadaran | not pinned | Jamuqa's camp (not pinned; middle Kherlen) |
| The other Mongol clans | not known as a single ruler | Clan elders | Choibalsan | |
| The Tatars | not known for 1 January 1200; a leader called Zuxu in the Jin account submitted in 1198 and died soon afterwards; Jali Buqa is named as a Tatar leader in 1201 | Heads of the Tatar tribes | after Megujin Se'ultu's death in 1196 | Tatar camp between Buir Nur and Hulun Nur (board estimate) |
| The Onggirat | Dei Sechen | Chief | not pinned | Dei Sechen's camp (not pinned; lower Khalkha) |
| The Ongud, wardens of the Jin march | Alaqush Digit Quri (Alaqush Tegin Quri) | Lord of the Ongud, hereditary warden of the marches | not pinned | Olon Sume (Damao banner) |
| Self-governing peoples of Mongolia and the Steppe | None named for 1199-1200 in the sources read | No khan: each people follows its own headmen, elders and shamans | ||
| North China and Manchuria | ||||
| The Jin empire of Zhangzong | Zhangzong, Wanyan Jing (Jurchen name Madage) | Emperor | January 1189, on the death of his grandfather Shizong | Beijing |
| The Khitan and Xi under the Jin | not known | No Khitan king or common chief: clan elders, Khitan unit commanders | not pinned | Linhuang |
| The Amur, Ussuri and Changbai peoples | not known | No ruler: village and clan headmen | not pinned | Fuyuan |
| Self-governing peoples of North China and Manchuria | None named for 1199-1200 in the sources read | No ruler: each valley, camp and hill village follows its own headmen and elders | ||
| South China | ||||
| The Southern Song of Zhao Kuo (Ningzong) | Zhao Kuo (his temple name Ningzong is given only after his death in 1224) | Emperor | 24 July 1194 | Lin'an |
| Chieftaincies of the south and south-west, on the loose rein | not applicable. Each chieftaincy has its own hereditary head (see the lord records); the Song court is their common patron and market | No single head: a belt of unrelated hereditary rulers, each answering for his own people | not pinned | Anshun |
| Self-governing peoples of South China | not applicable. Hill dong headmen, Li headmen (dongzhu), Dan boat headmen and the village elders of the Taiwan peoples | No ruler: each people is led by its elders, headmen and kin groups | not pinned | Qiongzhong |
| Northern India | ||||
| The Chaulukya kingdom of Gujarat | Bhima II (Bhimadeva II; the Jain prabandhas call him Bholo Bhima, 'simple Bhima') | King | 1178 | Patan |
| The Chahamana houses of Nadol and Jalor | Samantasimha at Nadol (probable), Samarasimha at Jalor, Govindaraja at Ranthambore | No single king: three separate lines | see the lords' records | Jalore |
| The Guhilas of Mewar | not pinned: Kumarasimha (in power by about 1182) or his successors Mathanasimha or Padmasimha | Rawal | Kumarasimha by about 1182 | Nagda |
| The independent Rajput houses | see the lords' records (Bhatis of Jaisalmer, Pratiharas of Mandore, Kachwahas of Dhundhar, Jadons of Bayana, Chudasamas and Jethwas of Saurashtra) | No single ruler: a scatter of houses | not applicable | Jaisalmer |
| The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti | Paramardideva (Paramardi; Parimala or Paramala in the ballads) | Maharajadhiraja Paramesvara, lord of Kalanjara | about 1165 | Mahoba |
| The Paramaras of Malwa | Subhatavarman (Sohada, also written Subhatavarman or Sribhata) | Maharajadhiraja Paramesvara Paramabhattaraka | about 1194 | Dhar |
| The Kalachuris of Tripuri and Ratnapura | Vijayasimha at Tripuri; Ratnadeva III or his heir Pratapamalla at Ratnapura | Maharajadhiraja Paramesvara Paramabhattaraka | Vijayasimha about 1188 | Tewar |
| What remains of the Gahadavalas | Harishchandra | Maharajaputra, then Maharajadhiraja | about 1194, on his father's death at Chandawar | Varanasi |
| The hill rajas of the Himalayan foot | not applicable (forty or fifty lordships) | Rajas, ranas and thakurs | not applicable | Kangra |
| The Senas of Bengal | Lakshmanasena | Maharajadhiraja Lakshmanasena | about 1178 or 1179 | Nabadwip |
| Samatata and Pattikera | not known | Local king or kings of Pattikera | not known | Comilla |
| Magadha and Anga | not known | No king of the whole country: local lords | not applicable | Gaya |
| The Karnatas of Mithila | Narasimhadeva | Maharaja Narasimhadeva | 1188 | Darbhanga |
| The Eastern Gangas of Kalinga | Rajaraja III | Maharajadhiraja Rajaraja III | 1198 | Cuttack |
| Kamarupa | not known | Ruler of the Brahmaputra valley, name not known | not known | Guwahati |
| Self-governing peoples of Northern India | None named for 1199-1200 in the sources read | No overlord: each people follows its own headmen, elders and priests | ||
| Southern India and Sri Lanka | ||||
| The Yadavas (Seunas) of Devagiri | Jaitugi (also written Jaitrapala, Jaitrapala I, Jaitugi I) | Maharajadhiraja of the Seunas, lord of Devagiri | late 1191 or 1192 | Devagiri |
| The Kakatiyas of Orugallu | Ganapati (Ganapatideva) | Maharaja of the Kakatiyas | 1199 on Sastry's reckoning | Warangal |
| The Velanati Chodas of the Andhra coast | Prithviswara (Pruthviswara) | Maharaja of Velanadu | 1186 on the dating of Wikipedia's Velanati Chodas article | Pithapuram |
| The Chola empire of Kulottunga III | Kulottunga III | King, Chola emperor | 7 July 1178 by computation | Gangaikonda Cholapuram |
| The Pandya kingdom of Madurai | Jatavarman Kulasekara I (also written Sadayavarman Kulasekara, Maravarman Kulasekara; Jatavarman is the Sanskrit form of Sadayavarman, and the Pandya kings alternate the two throne names Maravarman and Jatavarman) | King of the Pandyas | 1190 | Madurai |
| The kingdom of Lanka at Polonnaruwa | Lilavati | Queen | 1197 | Polonnaruwa |
| The Maldive kingdom of Male | not known (the king reigning on 1 January 1200 is not pinned) | King | not pinned | Male |
| The Hoysala kingdom of Veera Ballala II | Veera Ballala II (Vira Ballala II) | King | 22 July 1173 | Dorasamudra |
| The Kerala chiefdoms | not known as one person | no king | the Chera Perumal kingdom of Mahodayapuram ended in the | Kollam |
| The Silaharas of Thana and Kolhapur | Ananta Deva II or Keshideva II: the king list changes in 1200 and no source gives a month | Maharaja | Ananta Deva II from 1198, Keshideva II from 1200 | Thane |
| The Kadambas of Goa | Jayakeshi III | Maharaja, Konkanadhipati | 1188 | Gopakapattana |
| Self-governing peoples of Southern India and Sri Lanka | None named for 1199 to 1200 in the sources read | No king: each people follows its own clan, village and hamlet headmen | ||
| Tibet and the Himalaya | ||||
| The Nepal valley under its king | Not pinned. Reading A: the last king of the old Deva line in the chronicle lists, Vijayakamadeva II being the last name before Arideva. Reading B: Arideva (Arimalla) is already on the throne. | King | not pinned | Bhaktapur |
| The Khasa kingdom of the Karnali | Not known by name for 1 January 1200. Nearest names: the Tibetan list gives Naga lde, bTsan phyug lde, bKra shis lde and Grags btsan lde before Grags pa lde; Tucci reads them as Nagaraja, Chapa, Chapilla and Krasicalla before Krachalla. | King | not pinned | Jumla |
| Guge, Purang and Maryul: the royal houses of the west | Not known for 1 January 1200. Guge: one of rTse 'bar btsan, sPyi lde btsan, rNam lde btsan or Nyi ma lde, whose order Vitali does not settle. Maryul: no king can be named; the last dated name is Lhachen Utpala (c. 1080-1110). | Kings | not pinned | Toding |
| The Tibetan lands: houses, monasteries and clan chiefs, with no king | none; the kings fell in the ninth century and no one has taken their place | No ruler: the realm has no king, regent or council | the ninth century | Lhasa |
| Self-governing peoples of Tibet and the Himalaya | None named for 1199-1200 in the sources read | No ruler: each valley, camp and people follows its own headmen, elders and lamas | ||
| Korea and Japan | ||||
| Silla | Not known. No king of Silla is named in any source; whether Silla had its own king under Takrur, or a governor of the king of Takrur, in 1200 is not known | King of Silla | Not known | Kaedi |
| Goryeo under King Sinjong and the Choe house | Sinjong (Wang Tak, formerly Wang Min) | King of Goryeo | 9th lunar month of Myeongjong 27 | Kaesong |
| The court at Kyoto and its provinces | Tsuchimikado (emperor); Go-Toba (cloistered emperor, the working ruler) | Emperor | Tsuchimikado received the throne on Kenkyū 9/1/11 | Kyoto |
| The temple and shrine corporations | not one person: the zasu of Enryakuji, the bettō of Kōfukuji, the daikanjin of Tōdaiji and the abbots and chief priests named in each record | Corporations of monks and priests | Nara | |
| The chiefs of the Ryukyu islands | not known; no ruler's name is attested for 1200 | Local chieftains | Urasoe | |
| Self-governing peoples of Korea and Japan | not known as a single head | Council of equals | Hirado | |
| The Kamakura house and its housemen | Minamoto no Yoriie | Head of the Minamoto house and lord of Kamakura | Succeeded his father Yoritomo | Kamakura |
| Ezo and the northern islands | not known | No ruler: villages | not applicable | Sapporo |
| Mainland Southeast Asia | ||||
| The kingdom of Pagan under Narapatisithu | Narapatisithu (Sithu II) | King | 1174: between 27 March and 10 August 1174 on the Hmannan's | Pagan |
| The kingdom of Arakan (the Lemro) | not known | King of Arakan | not known: the Rakhine chronicles' king list has | Parein |
| The Shan and Kachin valley lordships | not known for any valley on 1 January 1200 | No single ruler: each muang has its own lord | not known | Hsenwi |
| The Khmer empire of Jayavarman VII | Jayavarman VII (Sri Jayavarmadeva) | King of Kambuja | crowned 1181 | Angkor Thom |
| The Lao muang of the middle Mekong | not known | Chao muang of each valley | not known | Louangphabang |
| Haripunjaya, the Mon kingdom of Lamphun | not known | King of Haripunjaya | not known | Lamphun |
| Ngoenyang, the Tai muang of the Mekong bend | not known | Phaya | not known | Chiang Saen |
| Chiang Rung, the Tai Lue muang of Sipsong Panna | not pinned | Lord of Chiang Rung | The line is dated from Dai year 542 | Jinghong |
| The Tai muang of the Yom and the Nan | not known | Chiefs | not known | Phrae |
| Dai Viet under Ly Cao Tong | Ly Cao Tong (Lý Cao Tông, born Ly Long Trat, also written Long Can; Chinese 李高宗) | Emperor | 1175 | Thang Long |
| Champa under Suryavarmadeva | Suryavarmadeva, the prince the Khmer stele calls Sri Vidyanandana | King of Champa | 1190 or 1192 as ruler of part, king of the whole country | Vijaya (Cha Ban) |
| The Tai and Muong valley lords of the north-west | not known | Hereditary valley lords: Tai chao muong and Muong lang, no paramount | Muong Thanh (Dien Bien) | |
| The kingdom of Dali | Duan Zhixing (also written Duan Yichang Xingzhi), styled the Lizhen Emperor | Emperor | 1172 by the Yuan and Ming lists | Yangjumie (Dali Old Town area) |
| Self-governing peoples of Mainland Southeast Asia | None named for 1199 to 1200 in the sources read | No king: each people follows its own clan, village and hamlet headmen | ||
| Island Southeast Asia | ||||
| Malayu (Jambi), the Mauli kingdom of the Batang Hari | Trailokyaraja Maulibhusana Warmadewa (named on the Grahi pedestal of 1183; whether he lives on 1 January 1200, or who has succeeded him, is not recorded) | Maharaja of Malayu, of the Mauli line | not known | Muara Jambi |
| Palembang, the Musi port-state | not known | Ruler of Palembang | not known | Palembang |
| Panai, the brick-temple plain of Padang Lawas | not known | Lord of Panai, or the lords of the Padang Lawas temple plain | not known | Si Pamutung |
| Tambralinga at Nakhon Si Thammarat | not known | Ruler of Tambralinga | not known | Nakhon Si Thammarat |
| Grahi at Chaiya | Galanai (named in 1183; his title 'Kamrateng An'); living or not on 1 January 1200 is not recorded | Mahasenapati | not known | Chaiya |
| Langkasuka on the Patani plain | not known | Ruler of Langkasuka | not known | Yarang |
| Malay river-mouth ports (a colour, not a state) | not known | Port chiefs and river-mouth headmen, none named | not known | |
| Kediri (Panjalu) under Kertajaya | Kertajaya (Srengga; the Pararaton calls him Dandhang Gendis) | Maharaja | by Saka 1116 | Dahanapura (Daha, Kediri) |
| The Sundanese kingdom of western Java | not known | King of Sunda, the title used by Sri Jayabhupati in 1030 | not pinned | Pakuan (Bogor), the seat claimed |
| The kingship of Pejeng and Bedulu, Bali | Sri Arjayadengjayaketana (the spelling varies between lists) | Queen | fl | Bedulu and Pejeng |
| Po-ni, the trading kingdom of Brunei bay | not known | King | not pinned | Kota Batu |
| Butuan, the gold river kingdom of the Agusan | not known | King | not pinned | Butuan |
| Ma-i, the trading country of the Chinese notices | not known | Not known: the Zhufan zhi speaks of a ruling headman who receives the white umbrellas at an 'official plaza' | not pinned | Ma-i (the campaign board's dot on north Mindoro) |
| Self-governing peoples of Island Southeast Asia | not known | No ruler: each community, lineage, river or island speaks for itself | not pinned | |