Much of this sheet answers to no king and to no house that the sources name.
It is drawn in one pale tan, with each people's range outlined in its own record. On the plateau they are the herders of the Changthang, who follow the seasons between the lake shores and the winter valleys and trade wool, salt and butter to the farmers of U and Tsang; the Tuyuhun and Dangxiang remnants and the Tibetan herders of the Qaidam; and the Tibetan and Lhoba villagers of Kongpo, Pome, Medog and Zayul, where this map rules that no source names a lord. On the Himalayan south slope they are the Tamang, Gurung and Magar, the Kirat (Rai and Limbu) of the east, the Tharu of the Tarai, the Lepcha of Sikkim, and the Mon valleys of Bhutan with their Lhapa and Nyingma lamas.
In the north-west they are the Balti villages of Skardu, Khaplu and Shigar, the Brokpa of the Indus below Khalsi, and the Burusho and Shina valleys of Hunza, Nagar and Gilgit. In the east they are the Golog and Yushu herders, the Ngawa grasslands, the Qiang and the Gyalrong and Minyak valleys of western Sichuan, and the Fan of Songpan, where no frontier commander rules them. Some of these peoples pay, trade or send lamas to a neighbouring house or kingdom; none is ruled by one.
Who rules
- Name
- None named for 1199-1200 in the sources read
- Title
- No ruler: each valley, camp and people follows its own headmen, elders and lamas
- Confidence
- low
What the realm holds
- The Changthang: the southern, central and western plateau herders, and the Qaidam
- Kongpo, Pome, Medog and Zayul in the south-east, and the Mon border valleys
- The hill peoples of Nepal (Tamang, Gurung, Magar, Kirat) and the Tharu of the Tarai
- Sikkim (the Lepcha) and the valleys of Bhutan
- Baltistan, the Brokpa villages and the Dard valleys of Gilgit and Hunza
- The Golog, Yushu, Ngawa, Qiang, Gyalrong and Minyak peoples of the eastern marches
The realm that morning
No war, revolt or raid is recorded for these peoples in the winter of 1199-1200 in anything the researchers read.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: No chief, headman or elder is named for most of these highlands, plateaus, gorges, valleys and hill countries in 1199-1200 in anything the researchers could read. The ranges are drawn from modern county lines and the lie of the land, from later chronicles and from the researchers' own reckoning, and each record says where it guesses.
On the map: One colour for many peoples that answer to no prince. The outlines are the researchers' rough ranges, drawn on modern county lines and the lie of the land; where two outlines overlap, the stronger claim shows. The colour is also what the compile gives to ground that no research record reaches (the high plateau).
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.