North of the Mon country (Monyul) the Tibetan border valleys of Tsona and Lhuntse hold Tibetan villagers, Mon (Monpa) hunters and farmers and the Lhoba of the Tsari forests.
The English Monyul page says the Mon were 'fierce mountain aborigines' with a shamanistic religion of nature and spirits and that Monyul lay 'beyond the pale of Buddhist teachings'; it gives no extent or date for 1200. The southern end, below the McMahon line, is the Northern India sheet's.
Who holds it
- Title
- Headmen of the Tsona and Lhuntse valleys
- Since
- not pinned
- Confidence
- low
No chief is named. The Monyul page has no entry for 1200.
Overlord
none known; the Tibetan houses of Lhodrak and Dagpo are the nearest
What it holds
- Tsona (Tsona)
- Lhuntse (Lhuntse (Lhunze))
Allies and rivals
Not recorded.
How things stand that morning
A border country of mixed peoples with no chief named.
Wealth
No source we could open gives figures; the usual base is estates and serfs, herds, pass tolls, trade in salt, wool, tea and barley, and the gifts of patrons.
Military
No standing army; the house or lord calls on retainers, tenants and kin. No troop numbers are given by any source we could open.
Customs
Shamanistic Mon traditions with Tibetan Buddhism over them (en Wikipedia, Monyul); no detail for 1200.
Assemblies
not described for 1200; the monks of the great houses meet as an assembly (tshogs) and the village headmen settle local matters, but no source we could open records either.
Tribute
none known; the people owe labour, grain and butter to their lord or house, but no figure or rate is given by any source we could open.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: One Wikipedia page with no entry for 1200. Treasury of Lives, the Blue Annals, the Red Annals, Petech, Sorensen and Hazod and Davidson could not be opened in this session (treasuryoflives.org and rigpawiki.org refused the fetch; the archive.org full texts were refused or cut off), so facts marked 'recalled' are from memory of those works and unchecked.
On the map: Modern-unit polygon clipped at 27.85 N.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.