East of the Thrumshing La the valleys of Lhuentse (Kurtoe), Mongar, Trashigang and Trashiyangtse hold the Tshangla-speaking Mon (Monpa) villages, who have the oldest claim on the land and the least trace in the Tibetan histories.
The Tibetan lamas reach them later; in 1200 they are self-governing valleys with village headmen and cults of the mountains. The south-east beyond Samdrup Jongkhar and the Kameng are on the Northern India sheet's ground.
Who holds it
- Title
- Mon (Tshangla) headmen of the eastern valleys
- Since
- not pinned
- Confidence
- low
No headman is named by any source we opened.
What it holds
- Valley villages (Lhuentse (Bhutan), Mongar, Trashigang)
Allies and rivals
Not recorded.
How things stand that morning
Self-governing Mon valleys.
Wealth
No source we could open gives figures; the usual base is estates and serfs, herds, pass tolls, trade in salt, wool, tea and barley, and the gifts of patrons.
Military
No standing army; the house or lord calls on retainers, tenants and kin. No troop numbers are given by any source we could open.
Customs
A nature-based Mon religion (en Wikipedia, Monyul); Tibetan Buddhism comes later.
Assemblies
not described.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Geography and the Monyul page's general account. Treasury of Lives, the Blue Annals, the Red Annals, Petech, Sorensen and Hazod and Davidson could not be opened in this session (treasuryoflives.org and rigpawiki.org refused the fetch; the archive.org full texts were refused or cut off), so facts marked 'recalled' are from memory of those works and unchecked.
On the map: Modern gewog polygon.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.