The sal forest and elephant grass along the foot of the Churia from the Gandak west, malarial from the first rains to the cold weather and thinly held by the people who live with the fever, the Tharu, who the page says have a measurable immunity (not complete).
It produces timber, elephants and nothing that can be taxed on a schedule. Lumbini and Tilaurakot lie in it as ruins; Devghat lies at its eastern edge, where the Narayani leaves the hills. East of the Narayani the same belt is the valley kingdom's outer wall (see the Nepal tarai record). No state holds it in 1200 and no dated chief is known.
Who holds it
- Name
- Not known by name
- Title
- Tharu headmen and forest chiefs
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
Wikipedia's Tharu page gives no chiefs or kings before 1300; its Alberuni and Tabaqat-i Nasiri notes tie them to the plain by the tenth century and to 1205.
What it holds
- the forest and grass belt
- the pilgrim sites of Lumbini and Tilaurakot
- the dry-season elephant and timber camps (inferred)
How things stand that morning
Held by nobody on any record. The fever season runs from the first rains to the cold weather.
Wealth
Timber, elephants, wild produce.
Military
No army is recorded and no number is known.
Customs
Badghar longhouses and headmen (mukhiya) in the later sources; the Rajput-origin tale of the Rana Tharu is of the sixteenth century.
What the year holds
What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.
- 1205 (later)A Muslim army's campaign toward Kamrup names hill peoples including a people written Tiharu; the Tharu page links the name to them without saying so outright.Depends on: The Khalji commander's march from Bihar and Bengal. Stopped by: Given only as a later event; it is outside this winter.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: The campaign board and Wikipedia's Tharu page.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: A band; the southern edge is the Indian border as drawn on the sheet; the eastern end follows the Narayani.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.