The valleys round Songpan: the Tang prefecture of Songzhou on the Tibetan border (Wikipedia, Songpan County), lost to Tibet in the 8th century (recalled) and not a Song post.
The Min, Fu and Black river headwaters carry Tibetan herders and Qiang villages whom the Song call Fan. The walled town and horse-and-tea market are the Ming's work. The South China sheet wrote the same ground (Songpan tribes) and reached the same view.
Who holds it
- Title
- Chiefs of the Fan tribes of the Songzhou valleys
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No chief named (see Songpan Fan).
Overlord
None; any Song title is nominal (not pinned).
What it holds
- Pasture and passes of the Fu and upper Min headwaters
- Horse and yak herds sold at Maozhou and Longzhou
How it was acquired
By custom.
Allies and rivals
Trade with Maozhou; feud with the Qiang below; kin of the Ngawa herders above.
How things stand that morning
No Song presence; no dated event.
Wealth
Horses, yaks, furs, musk, herbs.
Military
Mounted herdsmen; no numbers.
Customs
No assembly or custom is recorded for 1200 in the sources we could reach.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: One Wikipedia page and the South China sheet.
On the map: No source gives a boundary for 1200; the drawing follows the modern counties and valleys and the neighbouring sheets' anchors.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.