Bishopric of Paderborn

Who rules

Name

Bernhard II (of Ibbenbüren)

Title

Bishop of Paderborn

Since

by 1188 (he granted Korbach Soest law that year; some lists give 1186)

Born

not pinned

Family

Of the free lords of Ibbenbüren; Ibbenbüren itself passed to Simon of Tecklenburg in 1189 as a fief of the Paderborn church.

Confidence

medium

One of the few princes who chose Otto at Cologne on 9 June 1198 (with Archbishop Adolf and Bishop Thietmar of Minden) and was at his coronation at Aachen on 12 July 1198. In his time the advocacy of the see came back to the bishop: Count Widukind of Schwalenberg pledged it to the church in 1189 to pay for the Third Crusade and never returned. He dies in 1203.

Overlord

The king (regalia); Mainz is his metropolitan. The archbishop of Cologne claims ducal rights over the whole diocese of Paderborn under the Gelnhausen grant of 1180.

What the realm holds

• The city of Paderborn: cathedral, market, mint and walls (outer ring documented 1146)
• Warburg: the bishop's planned Altstadt laid out 1168-1187 below the old castle, with a town count (Stadtgraf) as his officer; the Holsterburg was built south-east of it in 1191
• The advocacy (Vogtei) of the see, recovered when Count Widukind of Schwalenberg pledged it in 1189
• Overlordship of Büren since 1195 (the lords handed over their holdings and founded their town with his leave)
• Brilon as a Paderborn fief held by its advocates (the lords of Brilon), until Cologne buys it about 1220
• Shared rights in the Falkenburg, built by Lippe about 1192 inside the bishop's forest ban
• The bishop's forest ban in the Teutoburg Forest (inside which Lippe built the Falkenburg with his leave); manors and tithes across the diocese
• Hardehausen abbey (Cistercian, founded 1155 by Bishop Bernhard I) near Warburg

How it was acquired

The see dates from 799/806; the advocacy returned in 1189; Büren's submission in 1195.

Allies and rivals

Allies: Archbishop Adolf of Cologne and Bishop Thietmar of Minden in Otto's party; the Lippe, who share the Falkenburg. Rivals: the archbishop of Cologne as duke, pressing ducal rights inside the diocese; the counts of Schwalenberg and Waldeck, the former advocates, who still hold the advocacies of Gehrden and Willebadessen and claims near Korbach (given up only in 1227); Corvey abbey on the Weser; the landgrave of Thuringia's men on the Diemel (hes).

The realm that morning

On 1 January 1200 Bernhard holds Paderborn, Warburg and the bishop's manors, and backs Otto IV firmly. His western edge faces Cologne's Westphalian lands (Geseke, Erwitte, the Soest Börde) and the county of Arnsberg; north, Lippe's Lippstadt and the lords of Rheda; north-east, Lippe's Lemgo and the Schwalenberg counts; east, Corvey and Höxter, and beyond the Weser the Welf lords (Everstein, Dassel, Homburg: nse); south over the Diemel, the landgrave's lands round Kassel (hes) and Waldeck.

Wealth

The Paderborn market and mint, the markets of Warburg (on the Diemel ford where several long-distance roads meet) and Korbach, forest dues, tithes and manors. No figures.

Military

The bishop's ministeriales and castle men; the city walls of Paderborn; Warburg's castle hill; vassal lords (Büren, Brilon; the lords of Brakel's tie to him is not pinned). No numbers.

Threats

• Cologne's ducal claim and its castle and town building on his border (Rüthen, 29 September 1200)
• The Schwalenberg counts' resentment over the lost advocacy
• Welf and Staufen war in the Weser lands to the east

Court in 1200

Paderborn (not pinned).

Officers

No lay advocate since 1189; the bishop's town count at Warburg; ministeriales (not named in the sources consulted).

Relations with rome

As one of Otto's electors he was probably among the signers of the 1198 letter asking Innocent III to confirm Otto, to whom the pope replied on 20 May 1199 that he would back Otto if Otto submitted to the Church. Like every prelate he must levy the fortieth for the crusade, ordered by Innocent III at the end of December 1199 (campaign notes Part 8.4), which will set him against his own clergy during 1200.

Coinage

The Paderborn mint.

The host

His ministeriales, castle men and vassal lords (Büren, Brilon); no figures.

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. 29 September 1200Archbishop Adolf of Cologne raises Rüthen, on the Möhne heights west of Paderborn's border, to a fortified town under Soest law; it becomes the seat of Cologne's marshal in Westphalia.Depends on: Cologne's settlement with Count Gottfried of Arnsberg, on whose land Rüthen stands. Stopped by: A breach between Adolf and Gottfried, or war in the Hellweg.
2. during 1200 (nothing pinned)No act of Bishop Bernhard is pinned to 1200; he stays in Otto's camp.Depends on: Otto keeping Cologne and Minden on his side. Stopped by: Adolf of Cologne changing sides.

Places of note

• Paderborn cathedral: Seat of the bishop and chapter.
• Warburg Altstadt: The bishop's planned town on the Diemel.
• Hardehausen abbey: Cistercian house of 1155.

Where the sources disagree

• campaign notes Part 6 D have Bernhard II voting for Otto at Cologne in 1198: confirmed by the NDB article on Otto IV (electors: Cologne, Paderborn, Minden, some abbots and Rhenish counts) and by his presence at Aachen.
• en.wikipedia says the advocacy of Paderborn had been held by the counts of Arnsberg; de.wikipedia's Schwalenberg article and the Hochstift article give it to the counts of Schwalenberg until 1189. The Schwalenberg reading is followed here.

Evidence: His side in 1198 is well attested; his family and the extent of his lands in 1200 are less so.

On the map: Rough; drawn from later borders. The Schwalenberg advocacies of Gehrden and Willebadessen inside the Warburg block are not shown separately.