The old Waal port whose merchants formed the first recorded merchant gild of the region (1021) and whose coins reached the Faroes; it had a royal toll from 896 and a mint from the eleventh century, but Frederick I moved its Rhine toll to Kaiserswerth in 1174 and its trade is passing to Dordrecht and Deventer.
Who holds it
- Name
- Not pinned: claims of the bishop of Utrecht and the count of Guelders (Guelders holds it outright only from 1339)
- Title
- Lord of the town
- Confidence
- low
Lord in 1200
Not pinned: claims of the bishop of Utrecht and the count of Guelders (Guelders holds it outright only from 1339)
How things stand that morning
Lordship not pinned.
Charter
A town charter is commonly dated 1200 without month or grantor: not in force on 1 January 1200 unless it falls earlier (not pinned)
Trade and crafts
Waal trade; the royal toll (granted 896) moved to Kaiserswerth in 1174; an old merchant gild (1021) and mint
What the year holds
What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.
- 1200 (not pinned)Town charterDepends on: Whoever is lord granting it Stopped by: Not pinned
Where the sources disagree
- 'Chartered in 1200' is a whole-year claim; the date rule puts it after 1 January unless shown otherwise.
Evidence: English Wikipedia ('chartered in 1200') against the German Wikipedia (acquired by Guelders in 1339).
Primary sources for Empire
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Annals of Marbach (compiled to 1238, the section on 1198 to 1210 written in the early 13th century). Alsatian annals on the Staufen side of the Upper Rhine. Read online
- Annals of Reiner of Saint James, Liège, Reiner of Liège (1197 to 1230, kept year by year). Contemporary annals kept inside Liège. Read online
- Chronicle of Burchard of Ursberg, Burchard of Ursberg (about 1229 to 1230, reworked by Conrad of Lichtenau). Written a generation later by a fierce partisan of the Staufen and a critic of Innocent III. Read online
- Chronicle of Otto of St Blasien, Otto of St Blasien (about 1209 to 1210). A Swabian continuation of Otto of Freising written from the Staufen side. Read online
- Chronicle of Reinhardsbrunn; Chronicle of St Peter's, Erfurt (Erfurt chronicle in the 13th century; Reinhardsbrunn compilation about 1340 to 1349 from older annals). The two Thuringian chronicles. Read online
- Chronicle of the Slavs, by Arnold of Lübeck, Arnold of Lübeck (about 1209 to 1210). Arnold continues Helmold and writes from Lübeck, close to Danish, Welf and Baltic affairs. Read online
- Royal Chronicle of Cologne (in stages from about 1175 to about 1250; the section on 1198 to 1220 written soon after the events). The fullest German narrative of the throne war from the Welf and Cologne side. Read online
- Chronicle of Hainaut, Gislebert of Mons (about 1195 to 1196). Ends in 1195, so it has no 1200 entries, but it is the indispensable background for Flanders and Hainaut: the career of Count Baldwin V of Hainaut (VIII of Flanders), his union of the two counties, the settlement with Philip over Artois, the rights, castles, fiefs and vassals of Hainaut listed by a man who ran its chancery, and the youth of Baldwin IX, who held both counties in 1200. Read online
8 more in the sources library for The Rhineland, the Low Countries and the Swiss Lands.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.