Not a working town in 1200: the ancient city on its rock above the sea, half abandoned, its acropolis used as a lair by raiders.
Naples and Aversa join against it; the Neapolitans under Geoffrey of Montefuscolo destroy it in 1207 and its people flee to Giugliano.
Who holds it
- Title
- Not pinned
- Since
- Not pinned
- Confidence
- low
No holder named for 1199-1200 in the sources seen.
Lord in 1200
Not pinned. Cuma was Naples' until at least 1044 and a fief of an Aversan baron from 1134; around 1200 its acropolis is a nest of raiders who harry the bay (Saracen pirates in the local tradition), and its bishop Leo has taken refuge in Naples (Federiciana; it.wikipedia). The date when the raiders settled there is not pinned.
Overlord
The king.
How things stand that morning
A raiders' nest on the edge of the Naples-Aversa plain [date not pinned].
What the year holds
What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.
- 1207 (not 1200)Naples destroys Cuma under Geoffrey of Montefuscolo.Depends on: Agreement between Naples and Aversa on its future. Stopped by: Diepold's war tying down the Neapolitans.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: The sources describe the raids 'around 1200' and the destruction in 1207.
Primary sources for Sicily
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Annals of Montecassino; Annals of Ceccano (Fossanova) (12th and early 13th centuries; Ceccano to 1217). Two sets of annals from either side of the papal and Sicilian frontier. Read online
- Chronicle of Richard of San Germano, Richard of San Germano (first version about 1216, enlarged to 1243). The fullest southern narrative of the Hohenstaufen kingdom, written by a notary on the border of the Terra di Lavoro. Read online
- Annals of Genoa, by Caffaro and his continuators, with Ogerio Pane for 1197 to 1219, Ogerio Pane and the other official annalists of Genoa (year by year under the commune's authority; the 1197 to 1219 section by Ogerio Pane). The official record of the commune. Read online
- Chronicle of Burchard of Ursberg, Burchard of Ursberg (about 1229 to 1230, reworked by Conrad of Lichtenau). Written a generation later by a fierce partisan of the Staufen and a critic of Innocent III. Read online
- Chronicle of Otto of St Blasien, Otto of St Blasien (about 1209 to 1210). A Swabian continuation of Otto of Freising written from the Staufen side. Read online
- Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
- Chronicle of Sicard, bishop of Cremona, Sicard of Cremona (about 1210 to 1213). A universal chronicle whose last part is a well-placed eyewitness account by a Lombard bishop who served emperors and popes. Read online
- The Deeds of Innocent III, Anonymous (a curial official, perhaps Peter of Benevento) (about 1208 to 1209). The curia's own account of the pontificate's first decade, with letters copied in. Read online
7 more in the sources library for Southern Italy and the Islands.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.