Pamplona

Who holds it

Name

García Fernández, bishop of Pamplona (since about 1194)

Title

Bishop of Pamplona, lord of the city; the king keeps his rights over the Frankish burgos

Since

about 1194

Family

Not pinned (campaign notes: thin)

Confidence

medium

On 1 January 1200 the bishop is away on, or just back from, his mission to Sancho VII in the Almohad lands to obtain leave to surrender Vitoria.

Lord in 1200

Bishop García Fernández, lord of the Navarrería and of the city; the king's rights in the burgos, the royal palace of San Pedro (built from 1189) mortgaged to the bishop in 1198.

Overlord

Sancho VII of Navarre

How things stand that morning

Navarrese, untouched by the war, its bishop abroad on the king's business.

Wealth

Pilgrim traffic from Roncesvalles, exchange and crafts in the burgos, the bishop's rents.

Military

Three walled enclosures; the cathedral precinct.

Threats

• Internal feuds
• The king's financial need, already met by mortgaging the palace

Fuero

San Cernin: fuero of Jaca from Alfonso I, 1129. San Nicolás: settled before 1177 (charter not pinned). Navarrería: episcopal lordship.

Council

Separate governments. San Cernin: twelve jurados elected yearly, an alcalde for justice, and an amirant who is the bishop's officer; written records in Occitan by the late 12th century.

Communities

Navarrese (Basque and Romance speakers) in the Navarrería; Franks (Occitan speakers from Cahors and the south of France) in San Cernin; mixed settlers in San Nicolás; a Jewish community (size not pinned).

Fairs and markets

Not pinned. The burgos live from the pilgrim road and crafts: San Cernin's main street was the street 'of the money-changers', with skinners and butchers nearby.

Militia

Each burgo keeps and fights from its own walls and towers; no part in the 1199 war recorded.

Quarrels

Burgo against burgo and burgos against the Navarrería; the 1189 ground; king against bishop over the palace. Later peace attempts (1213, 1222) failed.

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. January 1200The bishop returns from the king's court; Vitoria surrenders.Depends on: Safe travel. Stopped by: Capture or death on the road.

Places of note

• Cathedral and Navarrería: The bishop's city.
• Royal palace of San Pedro: Begun 1189; mortgaged to the bishop 1198.

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: Burgo history well known; the bishop's movements dated by inference from the Vitoria surrender.

On the map: The modern municipality stands for the city and its immediate term; the basin around it is royal and episcopal land, not the city's.

Primary sources for Navarre

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Annals of Toledo and other short Iberian annals (12th and 13th centuries; Anales Toledanos I to 1219). Florez's volume 23 gathers the short annals of the peninsula. Read online
• Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile, Anonymous, probably Juan of Osma, chancellor of Castile (about 1223 to 1239). The chancellor's chronicle of Alfonso VIII's reign, detailed from the 1190s. Read online
• Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
• The Wondrous Account of the History of al-Andalus and the Maghreb, Ibn Idhari al-Marrakushi (about 1312, at Marrakesh). The Almohad section is the fullest year-by-year narrative of the caliphate around 1200: the last campaigns and the death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur in January 1199, the accession of his son Muhammad al-Nasir, the renewed war of the Banu Ghaniya in Ifriqiya under Yahya ibn Ishaq and his ally Qaraqush, the Almohad losses of Mahdia and Tunis a few years later, and al-Nasir's reconquest of Ifriqiya in 1205 to 1206 followed by the appointment of Abd al-Wahid ibn Abi Hafs as governor. Read online
• History of the Affairs of Spain, Rodrigo Jimenez de Rada (completed 1243). The archbishop's history of the peninsula, written forty years on by a Navarrese who served Castile. Read online
• The Book of Census of the Roman Church, Cencius Camerarius (Cencio Savelli, later Pope Honorius III) (1192, with later additions). The papal rent roll: every church, monastery, town and kingdom that owed a census to Rome in 1192, diocese by diocese, with the sums, followed by lists of papal lands and castles, the ceremonial Ordo and copies of charters. Read online
• The Registers of Pope Innocent III for 1199 to 1201, Innocent III and the papal chancery (22 February 1199 to 21 February 1201). The pope's outgoing letters for the year, in his chancery's own copy, touching nearly every realm in the atlas. Read online
• The Great Book of Fiefs, Various; compiled by Ramon de Caldes for Alfonso II of Aragon (compiled 1192 to 1194). The register of the count-king's feudal rights, finished a few years before 1200 and in use at Peter II's court: some 900 charters of homage, convention, oath, sale and marriage arranged by county and lineage, covering Catalonia, Roussillon, Cerdanya, Pallars, Urgell, the Carcassonne and Beziers lands of the Trencavels, Provence and Aragon.

3 more in the sources library for France and Iberia.