The ancient Eryx on its mountain above Trapani, renamed Monte San Giuliano by the Normans, a fortress town with its castle on the old temple site.
It overlooks Markward's landing place.
Who holds it
- Name
- Not pinned that winter (in Markward's country)
- Title
- Royal fortress town
- Since
- not pinned
- Confidence
- low
Lord in 1200
Royal before October 1199; who holds it that winter is not pinned.
How things stand that morning
Not pinned; drawn with Markward because it commands Trapani.
Council
No commune: the king's officers (a bailiff and judges; the castellan in the castle).
Communities
Latins and Muslims (not pinned).
Walls and castle
The castle on the summit (the later Castello di Venere) and town walls.
Trade and crafts
Flocks, grain, the road over the mountain.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: No source read speaks of it in 1199-1200.
On the map: Shown as a point.
Primary sources for Markward
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Annals of Montecassino; Annals of Ceccano (Fossanova) (12th and early 13th centuries; Ceccano to 1217). Two sets of annals from either side of the papal and Sicilian frontier. Read online
- Chronicle of Richard of San Germano, Richard of San Germano (first version about 1216, enlarged to 1243). The fullest southern narrative of the Hohenstaufen kingdom, written by a notary on the border of the Terra di Lavoro. Read online
- Chronicle of Otto of St Blasien, Otto of St Blasien (about 1209 to 1210). A Swabian continuation of Otto of Freising written from the Staufen side. Read online
- Chronicle of Sicard, bishop of Cremona, Sicard of Cremona (about 1210 to 1213). A universal chronicle whose last part is a well-placed eyewitness account by a Lombard bishop who served emperors and popes. Read online
- The Deeds of Innocent III, Anonymous (a curial official, perhaps Peter of Benevento) (about 1208 to 1209). The curia's own account of the pontificate's first decade, with letters copied in. Read online
- The Registers of Pope Innocent III for 1199 to 1201, Innocent III and the papal chancery (22 February 1199 to 21 February 1201). The pope's outgoing letters for the year, in his chancery's own copy, touching nearly every realm in the atlas. Read online
- Book in honour of the Emperor, or On Sicilian affairs, Peter of Eboli (1195 to 1197). An illustrated verse account of Henry VI's conquest of Sicily, preserved in a single manuscript made at the imperial court. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.