The valley that carries the last stage of the overland road from Dali by Tengchong to the Irrawaddy landing at Bhamo, the only place on the campaign board where the overland road from China touches Pagan's river.
Pagan claims the lower end and Dali the upper end; the people in the valley pay whoever is nearest with a spear (board). Kaungsin at the head of the defile above Bhamo is named in the Mongol campaigns of 1277 and 1283; whether a fort already stood in 1200 is inference. Sinbo and the second defile above are the natural limit of easy navigation upstream, where a handful of men can stop a fleet.
The country round is held by hill people under Pagan's claim rather than Pagan's officers.
Who holds it
- Title
- Hill headmen; no officer of Pagan or Dali is shown
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No source we read names a holder.
How things stand that morning
A contested road and landing; no officer shown on either side.
What the year holds
What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.
- 1277 and 1283Mongol campaigns come down this road; Kaungsin is named.Depends on: Mongol operations in Yunnan. Stopped by: Not relevant to 1200.
Places of note
- Bhamo: Landing at the road's foot.
- Kaungsin: The campaign board entry position of the river fort.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: The campaign board entry and geography; the Mongol campaigns are later.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: The Burmese side only; Dehong and Tengchong belong to the Yunnan researcher.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.