The narrowest ground in Southeast Asia: low country between the head of boat water on the Pakchan and the Gulf of Siam, about forty-four kilometres by the campaign board's figure.
Cargo comes up the Pakchan, is carried across, and goes down the Chumphon river to the gulf, saving a ship the long beat round the whole peninsula. The brief marks this as ground between Grahi and the Khmer march where the sources show two claimants. Grahi's second crossing at Lang Suan is drawn as a claim on its realm record. The Khmer claim rests on the Song shi's reading of Tambralinga as a dependency of Jayavarman VII (1181 to 1218) and on Angkor's reach to the west; we found no source placing Khmer officers on the isthmus.
Pagan's claim rests on an inscription of 1196-98 that the English Wikipedia article on Takkola says claimed a border south of Dawei and beyond Junk Ceylon and marks as disputed; the article on Narapatisithu does not mention it, and the Burmese record we could reach shows Pagan's governors only on the Tenasserim coast across the Pakchan. So no claimant is shown in possession, and the crossing works because carriers and their beasts live along it.
Who holds it
- Title
- No holder: carriers and boatmen of the crossing; claimants are Grahi, the Khmer march and Pagan
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No source names a holder for any date near 1 January 1200.
Overlord
None in possession. Claimants: Grahi (Lang Suan claim), the Khmer march, Pagan (disputed inscription).
What it holds
- The Kra track and the Pakchan landing
- Tin gravels in the Pakchan creeks
- The Chumphon river road to the gulf
Allies and rivals
Grahi to the south; Pagan's Tenasserim governors across the Pakchan; the Khmer march in the Menam basin (the mainland sheet's ground).
How things stand that morning
Not recorded. A road, not a frontier: nobody is shown in possession and nobody is shown collecting a toll.
Where the sources disagree
- Pathio, Bang Saphan and Prachuap Khiri Khan are the mainland sheet's (checked with asia_owner.py); Chumphon (10.494 N), Ranong, Kra Buri and the Kra saddle are this sheet's.
- The campaign board gives these places to 'The Malay ports'; we draw the ground as contested because the brief says so.
Evidence: Thin: the geography is firm; the claims are an inference from a Song reading, a disputed inscription and a brief that names two claimants.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: Rough polygons bounded at 10.5 N; the claims are not boundaries.
Sources and studies
- OMNIA board note (a lead only, checked against the sources above)
- D. K. Wyatt on Tambralinga and Grahi, as summarised in the English Wikipedia article on Tambralinga
- Wikipedia (English): Takkola
- Wikipedia (English): Narapatisithu
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.