Oviedo

Who holds it

Title

Bishop of Oviedo

Confidence

low

The sources checked do not name the bishop on 1 January 1200. The see is exempt, subject directly to Rome (campaign notes).

What it holds

• The old city of Oviedo inside the walls of Alfonso II, with the cathedral and its castle (granted 1112)
• Episcopal lands across Asturias (not pinned individually for 1200)
• Not held: the royal town (villa) of the burghers beside the old city

How it was acquired

Donation of Queen Urraca in 1112, carefully limited to the old civitas.

How things stand that morning

Held by the bishop.

Wealth

Pilgrims to the relics of San Salvador on the road to Santiago; rents and justice in the civitas; Asturian estates.

Threats

• Growth of the royal town at the expense of the episcopal city
• Papal sanctions on León

Advocates and rivals

The crown, which kept Oviedo royal; the burghers of the villa; Asturian lords.

Places of note

• Cámara Santa: Relic chamber of San Salvador, a pilgrim goal

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: The 1112 grant and the split city are studied closely; the 1200 bishop is not pinned in the sources checked.

On the map: A small disc for the walled civitas. The bishop's Asturian estates are not drawn.

Primary sources for León

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Annals of Toledo and other short Iberian annals (12th and 13th centuries; Anales Toledanos I to 1219). Florez's volume 23 gathers the short annals of the peninsula. Read online
• Chronicle of the World (Lucas of Tuy), Lucas de Tuy (1236, for Queen Berenguela). The Leonese counterpart to Rodrigo, written at San Isidoro for Berenguela. Read online
• Historical Monuments of Portugal: Writers (Annals of King Afonso, Chronicon Conimbricense, Chronica Gothorum and others) (12th to 15th centuries). The Portuguese annals in one volume. Read online
• Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile, Anonymous, probably Juan of Osma, chancellor of Castile (about 1223 to 1239). The chancellor's chronicle of Alfonso VIII's reign, detailed from the 1190s. Read online
• The Garden of Pages: a History of the Kings of the Maghreb and of the City of Fez, Ibn Abi Zar al-Fasi (completed in 1326 at Fez, for the Marinid sultan Abu Said Uthman). The Almohad chapters give a brisk dated narrative of al-Mansur's death and burial, al-Nasir's accession and the Banu Ghaniya troubles, with the kind of detail (coinage, public works at Fez and Rabat, prices, plagues) that a Fez compiler cared about, and the annals of Fez supply the city's governors and markets. Read online
• The Wondrous Account of the History of al-Andalus and the Maghreb, Ibn Idhari al-Marrakushi (about 1312, at Marrakesh). The Almohad section is the fullest year-by-year narrative of the caliphate around 1200: the last campaigns and the death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur in January 1199, the accession of his son Muhammad al-Nasir, the renewed war of the Banu Ghaniya in Ifriqiya under Yahya ibn Ishaq and his ally Qaraqush, the Almohad losses of Mahdia and Tunis a few years later, and al-Nasir's reconquest of Ifriqiya in 1205 to 1206 followed by the appointment of Abd al-Wahid ibn Abi Hafs as governor. Read online
• History of the Affairs of Spain, Rodrigo Jimenez de Rada (completed 1243). The archbishop's history of the peninsula, written forty years on by a Navarrese who served Castile. Read online
• The Gift of the Imamate, Ibn Sahib al-Sala (Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad al-Baji) (late twelfth century; the surviving part covers 1159 to 1173). The only Almohad court chronicle written from inside the administration, by a chancery secretary who travelled with the caliphs Abd al-Mu'min and Abu Yaqub Yusuf.

5 more in the sources library for France and Iberia.