A walled hill city over the middle Tiber, a bishop's see and an old commune that had leaned to the emperors.
Innocent III counted it in his recovered lands in 1198; its communal life flourished with much independence and frequent conflict with the Church (Enciclopedia Italiana). It is building a territory down the Tiber and towards the Nera: it will subject Amelia in 1208 and then Giove and Terni.
Who holds it
- Name
- Consuls or podestà for 1199-1200 not pinned
- Title
- The commune
- Confidence
- low
Lord in 1200
The commune of Todi, brought into the Papal State by Innocent III in 1198 and largely self-governing.
Allies and rivals
Rivals: Orvieto over the Tiber border, Spoleto over the Martani hills, Amelia and Terni (later subjected), Perugia to the north. Alliances that winter not pinned.
How things stand that morning
Self-governing under the pope; no war is pinned for that winter. Across the borders: Perugia north, Orvieto west across the Tiber, the Terra Arnolfa and Terni south-east, Amelia south, Spoleto and the Martani hills east.
Wealth
A rich farming contado on both sides of the Tiber.
Military
Strong site and walls. No figures.
Threats
- Orvieto and Perugia
- Papal demands on its autonomy
Charter
Not found for the twelfth century.
Council
Consuls and councils; names not pinned. (The Palazzo del Popolo is begun in 1213: later.)
Militia
City levy and knights of the contado. No figures.
Walls and castle
Old Etruscan and Roman circuits; the new suburbs are walled only in 1244.
Trade and crafts
Grain, wine and oil of the middle Tiber; the river crossing at Pontecuti and Montemolino.
What the year holds
What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.
- 1208 (beyond 1200)Todi subjects Amelia; soon after Giove and Terni.Depends on: Todi's strength and the pope's tolerance Stopped by: papal or Narnese opposition
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: The Enciclopedia Italiana gives Innocent's inclusion of Todi (undated, 1198 by the general recovery) and the 1208 conquest of Amelia; officers and wars of 1199-1200 are not pinned.
On the map: The seeds stand for the middle-Tiber contado as later sources show it; the edges with Orvieto, Perugia and Spoleto are not pinned for 1200.
Primary sources for Papal State
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Annals of Montecassino; Annals of Ceccano (Fossanova) (12th and early 13th centuries; Ceccano to 1217). Two sets of annals from either side of the papal and Sicilian frontier. Read online
- Chronicle of Richard of San Germano, Richard of San Germano (first version about 1216, enlarged to 1243). The fullest southern narrative of the Hohenstaufen kingdom, written by a notary on the border of the Terra di Lavoro. Read online
- Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, Alberic of Trois-Fontaines (about 1227 to 1241, at the Cistercian abbey of Trois-Fontaines in Champagne). The widest net of any Latin chronicle for 1200, compiled from dozens of sources, many now lost. Read online
- Chronicle of Andres, William of Andres (about 1220 to 1234). The chronicle and cartulary of a small abbey between Guines and Ardres, near the border of Flanders and Boulogne. Read online
- Chronicle of Burchard of Ursberg, Burchard of Ursberg (about 1229 to 1230, reworked by Conrad of Lichtenau). Written a generation later by a fierce partisan of the Staufen and a critic of Innocent III. Read online
- Chronicle of Robert of Auxerre, Robert of Auxerre (Robert of Saint-Marien) (about 1190 to 1211; continued at Saint-Marien to 1227). A universal chronicle whose last twenty years are contemporary and well informed from Burgundy and the Auxerrois. Read online
- Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
- Chronicle of Sicard, bishop of Cremona, Sicard of Cremona (about 1210 to 1213). A universal chronicle whose last part is a well-placed eyewitness account by a Lombard bishop who served emperors and popes. Read online
12 more in the sources library for Southern Italy and the Islands.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.