The great port of ancient Bengal, now a silting river town.
English Wikipedia (quoting Chowdhury) says Tamralipti was important to Bengal's sea trade "until the 11th or 12th century" and that the Saraswati shifted about 700, bringing decline; the Dudhpani rock inscription of the eighth century is the last to name it as a port. The ruling family of Tamluk is of tradition (a Kaibartta, later Mahishya line, with Kalu Bhuiyan about 900, flagged "needs citation").
Who holds it
- Name
- not named
- Title
- Local lord of the Tamluk country
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
English Wikipedia, Tamralipta. The Tamluk family is a tradition.
Lord in 1200
A local lord under the Senas, or independent.
What the town holds
- The port and its temple (the Bargabhima temple is said to be "about 1150 years" old, on a source the page flags)
How things stand that morning
A declining port on the Radha coast under a local lord with a Sena claim.
Wealth
Fading sea trade, salt of the coast pans.
Communities
Fisher and boat communities, Brahmans (general knowledge).
Trade and crafts
Coastal trade and salt (board the-coastal-salt-pans).
Places of note
- Tamluk: Old port.
Where the sources disagree
- The campaign board entry tamralipti-tamluk is "likely" Sena; we keep it as Sena and minor.
Evidence: One modern page; the 1200 position is inferred.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
Primary sources for Senas of Bengal
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Nasirean Generations (a general history of the Muslim dynasties), Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (completed 1260 at Delhi). The fullest narrative of the Ghurid conquest of northern India. Read online
- The Nasirid Generations: a General History of the Muslim Dynasties, Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (1259 to 1260, at Delhi). The Ghurid court's own history, by a man born in 1193 whose family served the sultans of Ghur and Ghazna. Read online
- Inscriptions of Bengal, vol. 3, Various (the Sena kings' chanceries), edited by N. G. Majumdar (copper plates of the 10th to early 13th centuries; edited 1929). The one-volume edition of the Sena copper plates, the main documentary evidence for Bengal around 1200. Read online
- Epigraphia Indica: inscriptions of the Chandelas, Paramaras, Gahadavalas, Chaulukyas, Senas and Eastern Gangas, Various (edited for the Archaeological Survey of India by J. Burgess, E. Hultzsch, F. Kielhorn, Sten Konow, F. W. Thomas and successors) (inscriptions of the 1180s to 1210s; the series ran from 1892). The main record series for the Hindu kingdoms of northern India around 1200. Read online
- The Song of Govinda, Jayadeva (late 12th century, by tradition at the court of Lakshmanasena of Bengal). A literary witness, not a chronicle. Read online
- The History of India as Told by its Own Historians: the Muhammadan Period, vol. 2, Various (Ibn al-Athir, Hasan Nizami, Awfi, Juzjani and others), edited by H. M. Elliot and John Dowson (the sources date from the 1190s to the 14th century; the collection was published in 1869). A one-volume anthology of the Arabic and Persian accounts of the Ghurid conquest. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.