A river market on the old Brahmaputra and the Meghna, near the bathing place of Langalbandh, in the cotton country that later makes Sonargaon famous for muslin.
English Wikipedia says the area was a base for the Vanga, Samatata, Sena and Deva dynasties and that Muslim settlers arrive only about 1281. Before that it is a Vikramapura outlier, not a capital.
Who holds it
- Name
- not named
- Title
- Sena officer of the district
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
English Wikipedia, Sonargaon.
Lord in 1200
Lakshmanasena, through Vikramapura.
What the town holds
- The market and its ferries
- The Langalbandh bathing place (board)
How things stand that morning
A river market under Sena officers; the Deva move comes in the thirteenth century.
Wealth
Cotton cloth, rice and river tolls.
Communities
Weavers, boatmen, Brahman villages (general knowledge).
Trade and crafts
Cotton looms of the eastern delta (board the-eastern-cotton-looms).
What the year holds
What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.
- middle of the 13th centuryThe Deva king Dasharathadeva makes Suvarnagrama his capital (English Wikipedia).Depends on: The Senas have gone from the delta. Stopped by: Not applicable.
Places of note
- Sonargaon: River market.
Where the sources disagree
- The campaign board entry sonargaon-suvarnagrama is "contested"; English Wikipedia gives no 1200 political fact. We keep it as Sena and minor.
Evidence: A modern page with no 1200 facts.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
Primary sources for Senas of Bengal
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Nasirean Generations (a general history of the Muslim dynasties), Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (completed 1260 at Delhi). The fullest narrative of the Ghurid conquest of northern India. Read online
- The Nasirid Generations: a General History of the Muslim Dynasties, Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (1259 to 1260, at Delhi). The Ghurid court's own history, by a man born in 1193 whose family served the sultans of Ghur and Ghazna. Read online
- Inscriptions of Bengal, vol. 3, Various (the Sena kings' chanceries), edited by N. G. Majumdar (copper plates of the 10th to early 13th centuries; edited 1929). The one-volume edition of the Sena copper plates, the main documentary evidence for Bengal around 1200. Read online
- Epigraphia Indica: inscriptions of the Chandelas, Paramaras, Gahadavalas, Chaulukyas, Senas and Eastern Gangas, Various (edited for the Archaeological Survey of India by J. Burgess, E. Hultzsch, F. Kielhorn, Sten Konow, F. W. Thomas and successors) (inscriptions of the 1180s to 1210s; the series ran from 1892). The main record series for the Hindu kingdoms of northern India around 1200. Read online
- The Song of Govinda, Jayadeva (late 12th century, by tradition at the court of Lakshmanasena of Bengal). A literary witness, not a chronicle. Read online
- The History of India as Told by its Own Historians: the Muhammadan Period, vol. 2, Various (Ibn al-Athir, Hasan Nizami, Awfi, Juzjani and others), edited by H. M. Elliot and John Dowson (the sources date from the 1190s to the 14th century; the collection was published in 1869). A one-volume anthology of the Arabic and Persian accounts of the Ghurid conquest. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.