A bishop's town on the Flaminia below the Apennine passes to the March, once seat of a Lombard gastaldo and then of counts, whose tower survives.
By the end of the twelfth century Perugia had 'subdued' it (Enciclopedia Italiana). Frederick II's men burn it in 1248 (later).
Who holds it
- Name
- Not pinned: an old ducal gastaldate and county with a bishop, under the pope since 1198; the Enciclopedia Italiana says Perugia had subdued it by the end of the twelfth century
- Title
- Lord or governing body
- Confidence
- low
Lord in 1200
Under the pope's lordship since 1198; Perugia's influence strong; its own officers not pinned.
How things stand that morning
Under the pope with Perugia's influence. Across the borders: Gualdo north, Foligno south, Assisi west, the March (Camerino's lands and Fabriano, anc) east.
Charter
Not found.
Walls and castle
The counts' castle (the Rocca), of which an eleventh-century tower survives.
Trade and crafts
The Flaminia; mineral springs; mountain pasture.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Nothing dated for 1199-1200.
Primary sources for Papal State
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Annals of Montecassino; Annals of Ceccano (Fossanova) (12th and early 13th centuries; Ceccano to 1217). Two sets of annals from either side of the papal and Sicilian frontier. Read online
- Chronicle of Richard of San Germano, Richard of San Germano (first version about 1216, enlarged to 1243). The fullest southern narrative of the Hohenstaufen kingdom, written by a notary on the border of the Terra di Lavoro. Read online
- Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, Alberic of Trois-Fontaines (about 1227 to 1241, at the Cistercian abbey of Trois-Fontaines in Champagne). The widest net of any Latin chronicle for 1200, compiled from dozens of sources, many now lost. Read online
- Chronicle of Andres, William of Andres (about 1220 to 1234). The chronicle and cartulary of a small abbey between Guines and Ardres, near the border of Flanders and Boulogne. Read online
- Chronicle of Burchard of Ursberg, Burchard of Ursberg (about 1229 to 1230, reworked by Conrad of Lichtenau). Written a generation later by a fierce partisan of the Staufen and a critic of Innocent III. Read online
- Chronicle of Robert of Auxerre, Robert of Auxerre (Robert of Saint-Marien) (about 1190 to 1211; continued at Saint-Marien to 1227). A universal chronicle whose last twenty years are contemporary and well informed from Burgundy and the Auxerrois. Read online
- Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
- Chronicle of Sicard, bishop of Cremona, Sicard of Cremona (about 1210 to 1213). A universal chronicle whose last part is a well-placed eyewitness account by a Lombard bishop who served emperors and popes. Read online
12 more in the sources library for Southern Italy and the Islands.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.