A castle on a low hill above the coastal plain near the mouth of the Fiora, the landing place of the inland towns of the Tuscia: in the twelfth century one of Toscanella's castles; in the thirteenth Viterbo's indirect outlet to the sea (Enciclopedia Federiciana).
Who holds it
- Name
- Toscanella's castle by it.wikipedia's twelfth-century list (not pinned for 1200)
- Title
- Lord or governing body
- Confidence
- low
Lord in 1200
A castle of Toscanella's territory near the mouth of the Fiora (it.wikipedia lists it among Toscanella's twelfth-century castles); Viterbo later reaches the sea through it.
How things stand that morning
Under Toscanella or its own lords (not pinned). Across the borders: the Aldobrandeschi coast west of the Fiora (the Northern Italy map), Corneto south-east, Canino and Toscanella inland.
Charter
Not found.
Walls and castle
A castle (not pinned for 1200).
Trade and crafts
Coastal landing, salt marsh and pasture of the Maremma.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Only undated lists (it.wikipedia, Tuscania; Enciclopedia Federiciana, Viterbo).
Primary sources for Papal State
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Annals of Montecassino; Annals of Ceccano (Fossanova) (12th and early 13th centuries; Ceccano to 1217). Two sets of annals from either side of the papal and Sicilian frontier. Read online
- Chronicle of Richard of San Germano, Richard of San Germano (first version about 1216, enlarged to 1243). The fullest southern narrative of the Hohenstaufen kingdom, written by a notary on the border of the Terra di Lavoro. Read online
- Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, Alberic of Trois-Fontaines (about 1227 to 1241, at the Cistercian abbey of Trois-Fontaines in Champagne). The widest net of any Latin chronicle for 1200, compiled from dozens of sources, many now lost. Read online
- Chronicle of Andres, William of Andres (about 1220 to 1234). The chronicle and cartulary of a small abbey between Guines and Ardres, near the border of Flanders and Boulogne. Read online
- Chronicle of Burchard of Ursberg, Burchard of Ursberg (about 1229 to 1230, reworked by Conrad of Lichtenau). Written a generation later by a fierce partisan of the Staufen and a critic of Innocent III. Read online
- Chronicle of Robert of Auxerre, Robert of Auxerre (Robert of Saint-Marien) (about 1190 to 1211; continued at Saint-Marien to 1227). A universal chronicle whose last twenty years are contemporary and well informed from Burgundy and the Auxerrois. Read online
- Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
- Chronicle of Sicard, bishop of Cremona, Sicard of Cremona (about 1210 to 1213). A universal chronicle whose last part is a well-placed eyewitness account by a Lombard bishop who served emperors and popes. Read online
12 more in the sources library for Southern Italy and the Islands.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.