Cingoli is a high hill town above the Musone valley, the 'balcony of the March'.
It was a fief of the bishop of Osimo and made itself a commune in the second half of the twelfth century, though its noble families quarrel among themselves. According to the Italian Wikipedia history of Matelica it joined the league that destroyed Matelica in 1199 [thin]. On 1 January 1200 it is a small commune under the bishop of Osimo and the pope.
Who holds it
- Title
- The commune of Cingoli
- Since
- not pinned
- Confidence
- low
A fief of the bishop of Osimo that became a commune in the second half of the twelfth century; no officer is named for 1200.
Lord in 1200
The commune, under the bishop of Osimo's overlordship as his fief.
Overlord
The pope; the bishop of Osimo as lord of the fief.
Allies and rivals
Camerino and the league of 1199 [thin]; neighbours Jesi, Osimo and San Severino.
How things stand that morning
Small commune under the bishop of Osimo's lordship and the pope's.
Wealth
Upland farms.
Military
Walls.
Threats
- Its own feuding families
- Its bishop-lord at Osimo
Communities
Not documented.
Militia
Citizen militia.
Walls and castle
A walled hill town.
Trade and crafts
Upland farming and pasture.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: General statements only.
On the map: A guessed contado round the town; Apiro's status in 1200 is not pinned.
Primary sources for Papal State
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Annals of Montecassino; Annals of Ceccano (Fossanova) (12th and early 13th centuries; Ceccano to 1217). Two sets of annals from either side of the papal and Sicilian frontier. Read online
- Chronicle of Richard of San Germano, Richard of San Germano (first version about 1216, enlarged to 1243). The fullest southern narrative of the Hohenstaufen kingdom, written by a notary on the border of the Terra di Lavoro. Read online
- Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, Alberic of Trois-Fontaines (about 1227 to 1241, at the Cistercian abbey of Trois-Fontaines in Champagne). The widest net of any Latin chronicle for 1200, compiled from dozens of sources, many now lost. Read online
- Chronicle of Andres, William of Andres (about 1220 to 1234). The chronicle and cartulary of a small abbey between Guines and Ardres, near the border of Flanders and Boulogne. Read online
- Chronicle of Burchard of Ursberg, Burchard of Ursberg (about 1229 to 1230, reworked by Conrad of Lichtenau). Written a generation later by a fierce partisan of the Staufen and a critic of Innocent III. Read online
- Chronicle of Robert of Auxerre, Robert of Auxerre (Robert of Saint-Marien) (about 1190 to 1211; continued at Saint-Marien to 1227). A universal chronicle whose last twenty years are contemporary and well informed from Burgundy and the Auxerrois. Read online
- Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
- Chronicle of Sicard, bishop of Cremona, Sicard of Cremona (about 1210 to 1213). A universal chronicle whose last part is a well-placed eyewitness account by a Lombard bishop who served emperors and popes. Read online
12 more in the sources library for Southern Italy and the Islands.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.