Officers: prévôtés, bailiwicks, seneschals · The Jin empire of Zhangzong · as at first light, 1 January 1200

Xupin route command

The Xupin route covers the Suifun (Razdolnaya) valley and the southern Ussuri plain, the old Bohai country of Shuaibin fu.

Russian excavation has found large Jurchen fortified towns here with Jin coins and Jin-style pottery, at Nikolaevskoye near Ussuriysk, at Shaiga near Partizansk and at Krasnoyarovskoye (their naming as Jin or as the later Eastern Xia of 1215-1233 is debated). The route's job is the Jurchen settlements of the plain, the sea road to the Helan coast and the tribute of the Ussuri valley.

Who he is

Title
Xupin lu (Suifen, Suibin) commander
Since
not pinned
Born
not known
Confidence
low

The Xupin route is in the Dili zhi; Russian archaeologists place Jurchen towns on the Suifun and Ussuri plain. Which fort was the seat, and who commanded in 1200, is not pinned.

Overlord

The Shangjing liushou at Huining

What it holds

  • The Suifun plain, Ussuriysk and the southern Ussuri plain
  • The Peter the Great Bay coast
  • Jurchen fortified towns of the plain

How it was acquired

Jurchen country; Jin route.

Allies and rivals

The Helan route to the south-west, the Udege and wild Jurchens to the north and east.

How things stand that morning

Quiet; the largest Jurchen settlements east of the Sungari lie here.

Wealth

Millet and other grain, horses, sea products, furs, iron.

Military

Garrisons of the fortified towns (no figures).

Threats

  • Wild Jurchen raids
  • Flood

Places of note

  • Nikolaevskoye settlement: Large Jurchen fortified town; approximate position, not verified
  • Shaiga settlement: Large Jurchen fortified town; approximate position, not verified

Where the sources disagree

  • The campaign board puts Xupin (Suifen) at 43.8,131.95 (Ussuriysk), which fits the Nikolaevskoye settlement. Whether it is Jin or Eastern Xia (post-1215) is a debate in Russian archaeology; the Jin phase is earlier.

Evidence: Archaeology only; the Russian pages were blocked this session, so the dating is from memory.

"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.

Primary sources for Jin empire

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

  • Annals of the Western Xia, Wu Guangcheng (吳廣成) (1825 to 1827, compiled from Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan sources). A Qing scholar's year-by-year reconstruction of Tangut history from the Chinese histories, since the Xia left no surviving annals of their own in Chinese. Read online
  • Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, Bi Yuan (畢沅), completed by Feng Jiwu after his death (late eighteenth century, finished after 1801, from Song and Yuan sources). A Qing scholar's continuous month-by-month chronicle of the Song and Yuan centuries, compiled from the Song shi, the Liao, Jin and Yuan histories, Li Tao, Li Xinchuan and other Song sources. Read online
  • Essentials of the History of Goryeo, Kim Jong-seo (金宗瑞) and the Joseon history office (1452). The chronological companion to the Goryeosa, finished a year after it and drawing on the same lost records, sometimes with entries the Goryeosa omits. Read online
  • Outline and Details of Two Reigns (thirteenth century, after 1224). A Song outline-and-detail chronicle of exactly the two reigns around 1200, drawn from the court's daily records. Read online
  • Record of the Personal Campaigns of the Holy Warrior (Chinggis Khan) (presented to Khubilai in 1288, finished in Mongolian in 1290; the surviving Chinese version dates from 1369). A year-by-year Chinese account of Temujin's wars, drawn from the lost Altan Debter (the same source behind the Yuan shi's first chapter and Rashid al-Din). Read online
  • The Secret History of the Mongols (1228 or 1240 (the colophon's Year of the Rat is disputed), with later additions; the surviving Chinese transcription and gloss were made under the Ming in the 1380s). The only Mongol account of Temujin's rise, written within living memory. Read online
  • History of the Jin, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office, with Ouyang Xuan among the chief compilers (1343 to 1344, from the Jin veritable records and the Jin national history). The official history of the Jurchen empire that ruled north China and Manchuria in 1200. Read online
  • Record of the Great Jin State, Attributed to Yuwen Maozhao (宇文懋昭); the attribution is doubtful (preface dated 1234; probably assembled in the Southern Song from Song and Jin material, with later accretions). A Song-side history of the Jin, with annals for each emperor and chapters on institutions, customs, the capitals and the Jurchen way of life. Read online

14 more in the sources library for North China and Manchuria.

Sources and studies

  1. Russian archaeology of the Jurchen fortresses of Primorye (Shaiga, Nikolaevskoye, Krasnoyarovskoye; E. V. Shavkunov, N. G. Artemyeva): from memory, ru.wikipedia pages were blocked this session
  2. Wikipedia: Jin dynasty (1115-1234) (read this session)
  3. Jinshi (History of the Jin) ch. 24, Dili zhi 1 (Shangjing, Xianping, Dongjing, Beijing circuits): used from memory, the page was blocked this session and must be checked

Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.