Évreux

Who he is

Name

Amaury of Montfort (Amaury IV of Evreux in English numbering, Amaury VI in French)

Title

Count of Evreux

Since

About 1191, as a minor; still a minor on 29 September 1198

Born

Not pinned; a young man just of age or nearly so

Family

Son of Count Amaury (died about 1191) and Mabel (died 1198), eldest daughter and co-heiress of William, earl of Gloucester; so nephew of Isabella of Gloucester, John's discarded wife, and kinsman of Simon de Montfort of Montfort-l'Amaury

Confidence

high

Wikipedia (Amaury IV of Evreux): French troops briefly occupied Evreux in 1193-94; in 1195 his mother paid for custody of him and his lands; Philip invaded Evreux in April 1199; under Le Goulet (May 1200) John ceded Evreux and made Amaury quitclaim it, compensating him with the earldom of Gloucester.

Overlord

John, duke of Normandy, in law; Philip holds the county

What it holds

• Title to the county, city and castle of Evreux (occupied by Philip)
• A claim, through his mother, to part of the Gloucester inheritance in England

How it was acquired

Inherited about 1191.

Allies and rivals

Kin: the Montforts of Montfort-l'Amaury (Simon de Montfort, Philip's man; Royal records). The bishop of Evreux, Garin de Cierrey, is under French occupation with him.

How things stand that morning

Occupied: Philip's garrison holds Evreux and the heart of the county since April 1199. Where Amaury himself is this winter is not pinned.

Wealth

Comital rights in Evreux (tolls, mills, courts) and the comital forest, now drawn by Philip.

Military

No castle in his own hands that can be pinned.

Threats

• Permanent loss of the county at the peace

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. 22 May 1200Le Goulet: Evreux ceded to Philip; Amaury quitclaims and is made earl of Gloucester by John (most of the Gloucester lands stay in John's hands until at least 1204).Depends on: The peace Stopped by: No treaty

Places of note

• Evreux castle: Comital castle, French-held since April 1199

Where the sources disagree

• The project date rule says Evreux is still Angevin on 1 January 1200. In possession it is Philip's since April 1199 (also the campaign's Church notes, Part 6 B). In law it is John's until Le Goulet.

Evidence: The county's loss is well dated; the count's whereabouts and the exact extent of Philip's hold in the Evrecin are not.

On the map: The county's twelfth-century edge is approximate; the Le Goulet line of May 1200 will divide it again.

Primary sources for Angevin lands

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, Alberic of Trois-Fontaines (about 1227 to 1241, at the Cistercian abbey of Trois-Fontaines in Champagne). The widest net of any Latin chronicle for 1200, compiled from dozens of sources, many now lost. Read online
• Chronicles of Saint-Martial of Limoges, Bernard Itier and other monks of Saint-Martial; Geoffrey of Vigeois for the earlier chronicle (Geoffrey's chronicle to 1184; Bernard Itier's notes about 1195 to 1225). Bernard Itier, librarian of Saint-Martial, kept dated notes through 1200 of what reached Limoges: Richard's death at Chalus in 1199, the viscounts of Limoges and the lords of the Limousin, John's passage through Aquitaine in 1200 and the affairs of Angouleme and the Lusignans, and the abbey's own elections and prices. Read online
• Chronicles of the Churches of Anjou (Saint-Aubin, Saint-Serge, Saint-Florent and others), Various (monks of Angers and the Loire) (11th to 13th centuries; the Saint-Aubin annals run to the 1220s). The Angevin houses' own annals of the succession crisis in their city: Arthur received at Angers in 1199 with Constance and the Breton and Angevin barons, John's counter-moves, the defection of William des Roches and the Angevin lords to John, and the peace of 1200 that left Arthur John's vassal. Read online
• The Great Chronicle of Tours, Anonymous (a canon of Saint-Martin of Tours) (about 1227). The Loire valley's view of the Angevin succession. Read online
• Universal Chronicle of the Anonymous of Laon, Anonymous (an English-born canon of Laon) (about 1219). A Picard chronicle whose author had lived in England and keeps an eye on both kingdoms. Read online
• Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
• Chronicle; Deeds of the Kings, Gervase of Canterbury (Chronica about 1188 to 1199; Gesta Regum about 1199 to 1210). The Chronica stops in 1199, so for 1200 the witness is the briefer Gesta Regum, which notes John's peace with Philip, the coronation of Isabella at Westminster on 8 October 1200, and matters touching Canterbury: the archbishop Hubert Walter as chancellor, the cathedral priory's quarrel with him, and the Lambeth college dispute lately settled by the pope. Read online
• English Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall, Ralph of Coggeshall (about 1200 to 1224, in stages). Short but independent entries for 1200 from a Cistercian house in Essex: John's levy on the Cistercians and the carucage, the peace with Philip, the king's new marriage and the queen's coronation, and the death of Hugh of Lincoln. Read online

14 more in the sources library for France and Iberia.