Aumale

Who he is

Name

Baldwin of Bethune (Baudouin de Bethune) and Hawise of Aumale

Title

Count of Aumale by right of his wife; Hawise is countess in her own right

Since

Married 1195 (one account says at Sees after Richard's return from captivity in 1194); Hawise has been countess since her father William le Gros died in 1179

Born

Not pinned

Family

Baldwin is a younger son of Robert V, advocate of Bethune, brother of William of Bethune and of the poet Conon of Bethune, and a close friend of William Marshal. Hawise was married first to William de Mandeville, earl of Essex (died 1189), then to William de Forz (died 1195), by whom she has a young son, William de Forz, heir to Aumale and Holderness.

Confidence

high

Wikipedia (Baldwin of Bethune): in 1196 the French captured and kept the lands of Aumale itself; in 1199 Baldwin was in John's immediate circle; in 1200 he was one of John's guarantors for the peace with Philip.

Overlord

John, duke of Normandy

What it holds

• Title to the county of Aumale (castle and town held by Philip since 1196)
• In England: Holderness and Skipsea castle, and manors given by Richard

How it was acquired

By marriage to the heiress, 1195.

Allies and rivals

Allies: John, William Marshal, the Bethune kin. Rival: Philip, who holds Aumale.

How things stand that morning

Aumale castle and town are in Philip's hands (since 1196). Baldwin and Hawise hold nothing in Normandy that can be pinned this winter beyond their claim; Baldwin is with John.

Wealth

English lands; the Norman revenues of Aumale are lost.

Military

His household knights; no Norman castle in hand.

Threats

• Le Goulet will not give Aumale back

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. 22 May 1200Baldwin stands as one of John's guarantors of the treaty of Le Goulet.Depends on: The peace Stopped by: No treaty

Places of note

• Castle of Aumale: Taken by Philip in 1196

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: Loss of Aumale in 1196 stated by Wikipedia; who commands Aumale for Philip this winter is not pinned (it is not known to have been granted out before 1204).

On the map: Only the castle district is drawn; the honour's scattered Norman fiefs are not pinned.

Primary sources for Angevin lands

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, Alberic of Trois-Fontaines (about 1227 to 1241, at the Cistercian abbey of Trois-Fontaines in Champagne). The widest net of any Latin chronicle for 1200, compiled from dozens of sources, many now lost. Read online
• Chronicles of Saint-Martial of Limoges, Bernard Itier and other monks of Saint-Martial; Geoffrey of Vigeois for the earlier chronicle (Geoffrey's chronicle to 1184; Bernard Itier's notes about 1195 to 1225). Bernard Itier, librarian of Saint-Martial, kept dated notes through 1200 of what reached Limoges: Richard's death at Chalus in 1199, the viscounts of Limoges and the lords of the Limousin, John's passage through Aquitaine in 1200 and the affairs of Angouleme and the Lusignans, and the abbey's own elections and prices. Read online
• Chronicles of the Churches of Anjou (Saint-Aubin, Saint-Serge, Saint-Florent and others), Various (monks of Angers and the Loire) (11th to 13th centuries; the Saint-Aubin annals run to the 1220s). The Angevin houses' own annals of the succession crisis in their city: Arthur received at Angers in 1199 with Constance and the Breton and Angevin barons, John's counter-moves, the defection of William des Roches and the Angevin lords to John, and the peace of 1200 that left Arthur John's vassal. Read online
• The Great Chronicle of Tours, Anonymous (a canon of Saint-Martin of Tours) (about 1227). The Loire valley's view of the Angevin succession. Read online
• Universal Chronicle of the Anonymous of Laon, Anonymous (an English-born canon of Laon) (about 1219). A Picard chronicle whose author had lived in England and keeps an eye on both kingdoms. Read online
• Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
• Chronicle; Deeds of the Kings, Gervase of Canterbury (Chronica about 1188 to 1199; Gesta Regum about 1199 to 1210). The Chronica stops in 1199, so for 1200 the witness is the briefer Gesta Regum, which notes John's peace with Philip, the coronation of Isabella at Westminster on 8 October 1200, and matters touching Canterbury: the archbishop Hubert Walter as chancellor, the cathedral priory's quarrel with him, and the Lambeth college dispute lately settled by the pope. Read online
• English Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall, Ralph of Coggeshall (about 1200 to 1224, in stages). Short but independent entries for 1200 from a Cistercian house in Essex: John's levy on the Cistercians and the carucage, the peace with Philip, the king's new marriage and the queen's coronation, and the death of Hugh of Lincoln. Read online

14 more in the sources library for France and Iberia.