The south-western highlands of Đắk Nông, along the crest that divides the sheet from the Cambodian side: the Mnong, whose country runs on across the border (the Cambodian side is for the Khmer sheet).
The Chinese and Khmer notices of hill peoples west of the crest are not specific enough for 1200. We found no source for a Khmer or Cham post here. The group names are those of the nineteenth and twentieth century; the Chinese and Cham sources of the time use general labels. We use the later name only to say which people the ground is for, and we read their society backwards from later ethnography: villages with headmen and elders, shifting fields, no kings and no towns.
Who holds it
- Title
- Village headmen and councils of elders; no overall chief is known for 1200
- Confidence
- low
Later ethnography read backwards; Chinese trade lists and Cham inscriptions that name hill goods (board)
Overlord
The Khmer claim the Cambodian side of the crest (board); we found no claim recorded here.
How things stand that morning
Governing itself under village headmen; the lowland courts trade with it and claim it in name; not pinned further.
Wealth
Elephants, forest goods.
Military
Village fighters; no numbers.
Places of note
- Gia Nghia: Mnong country
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Chinese trade lists, Cham inscriptions that name hill goods, and ethnography written six centuries later (board); no dated event for 1200.
On the map: A union of modern districts standing for the people's country; there was no border, and the groups overlapped and traded across any line we draw.
Sources and studies
- OMNIA board notes for the Vietnam and Champa area (a lead, not a source)
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.