The south-eastern corner of Yunnan, between Wenshan, the Red River and the Song's Guangxi, is hill and karst country of Zhuang (Tai-speaking) and Yi villages, with Hmong and Yao who arrive in later centuries.
The South China map writes the Zuojiang and Youjiang chiefs and the Song's jimi system next door; we found no source for who holds this corner in 1200, and the Song, Dali, Ziqi and Dai Viet each have a claim across the area. The ethnic names are modern. The ethnic names are modern groupings; the Tang Manshu and the Yuan texts use other names (Wuman, Baiman, Pu, Wang, Moxie, Mang) and the match is the scholars', not proved for 1200.
The sources for these hills are Tang and Yuan notices, Chinese Wikipedia pages on the counties and ethnography of much later centuries; none is dated to 1199 or 1200.
Who holds it
- Title
- Village and clan headmen; the Tai (Zhuang) chiefs of the border
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Family
- village headmen and ritual specialists
- Confidence
- low
Nothing described for 1200.
Overlord
No overlord is shown; Song jimi chiefs on the Guangxi side, Dali by title on the Wenshan side.
How things stand that morning
Self-governing villages; no event dated.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: General statements and the geography only.
On the map: Drawn from the modern counties where these peoples live; the real range of 1200 had no line and is not known.
Sources and studies
- South China map research records scs-l-ziqi, scs-l-maima-hengshan, scs-realm-chiefs (/home/claude/research/sch/scs.json)
- Chinese Wikipedia, 大理国 (read this session: the eight fu, four jun, four zhen and thirty-seven bu; it cites Yang Shen's Dian zai ji, Wang Song's Yunnan beizhengzhi, Ni Lu's Nanzhao yeshi, the Baigu tongji qianshu)
- OMNIA board, notes_msy.txt and places_msy.tsv (a lead, not a source)
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.