The country from Brebes and Tegal on the north coast to Banyumas and Cilacap on the south, between the Sundanese west and the Javanese east.
The line is a convention: the modern West and Central Java boundary runs on the Cisanggarung and Citanduy, while the Bujangga Manik, a Sundanese travel poem of about 1500, puts the east limit of Sunda at the Ci Pamali and the Ci Serayu (en.wikipedia, Sunda Kingdom). No source of 1200 shows two kings claiming the march, so it is drawn as a Kediri claim and not as contested; if a player pushes Sunda eastward, this is where the quarrel starts. The Serayu valley is the one river that runs clean across the island from the uplands to the southern sea, with Slamet standing over it; it is the western edge of Javanese speech and the road by which the Dieng country reaches a coast (board).
Slamet is 7 deg 14.5 S, 109 deg 12.5 E (en.wikipedia).
Who holds it
- Title
- Local chiefs of the march and the Serayu valley, if any
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No chief, plate or officer is named for the march in a source we reached.
Overlord
the king of Kediri, by claim only; Sunda may claim the western edge (no source shows it)
What it holds
- The Serayu valley and its rice
- The north-coast landings at Tegal and Pekalongan (see Tegal)
- The roads between the two realms
How things stand that morning
Nothing is dated. A thinly known borderland; claimed from the east, with no evidence of a western claimant.
Wealth
Rice of the valley and the coast; no figures.
Military
None attested.
Threats
- None dated
Places of note
- Serayu valley at Banyumas: The old river town; no 1200 evidence for a seat there.
- Slamet: The volcano over the valley.
Where the sources disagree
- The campaign board entry serayu-banyumas calls the Serayu the western limit of Javanese speech; modern Banyumas speech reaches further west, to the Citanduy edge. The campaign board's phrase is used for the valley only.
Evidence: A line from a source of about 1500 and the campaign board's note; no document of 1200.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: A convention: the Cisanggarung line in the west and the Pekalongan coast in the east.
Primary sources for Kediri
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- History of Song, chapters 488 and 489: Jiaozhi, Dali, Champa, Zhenla, Pagan, Srivijaya, Java, Brunei, Chola and Tambralinga, Toqto'a (Tuotuo) and the Yuan history office, from the Song court records (1343 to 1345, from Song veritable records and court diaries). The Chinese court's record of its southern neighbours, compiled from Song archives. Read online
- History of the Song, the chapters on Xia and on foreign states, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office (1343 to 1345). The Song court's accounts of its neighbours, each arranged as an annal of embassies and wars. Read online
- Old Javanese Charters (the Brandes and Krom corpus), including the Kediri inscriptions of Kamesvara and Srngga, Various (the Kediri kings and their officers), edited by J. L. A. Brandes and N. J. Krom (inscriptions of the 8th to 15th centuries; edited 1913). Kediri (Panjalu) in 1200 is known from a few royal charters on stone and copper, which this corpus first printed: the records of Kamesvara (about 1182 to 1194) and of Srngga, that is Kertajaya (from about 1194 to 1222), among them the Kamulan charter of 1194 and the Palah (Panataran) record of 1197, with the king's titles, his seal, the officials of the court and the villages freed from tax.
- A Description of the Foreign Peoples (Records of Foreign Nations), Zhao Rukuo (Zhao Rugua) (1225 at Quanzhou). The best single text for the island world around 1200, written by the superintendent of maritime trade at Quanzhou from merchants' reports a generation after the date. Read online
- Notes in Answer to Questions about the Lands beyond the Passes, Zhou Qufei (周去非) (1178, after service in Guangxi). A Guangxi official's notes, written twenty years before 1200, on the south-western frontier of the Song and the countries beyond. Read online
- Description of the Foreign Peoples (Chau Ju-kua), Zhao Rukuo (趙汝适) (about 1225, while superintendent of maritime trade at Quanzhou). The Song customs officer's survey of the overseas world, compiled from merchants and from Zhou Qufei, a generation after 1200 but describing trade routes that were the same in 1200. Read online
- The Description of the Country, called the Nagarakretagama, Mpu Prapanca (1365 at the Majapahit court). A Majapahit court poem of 1365 listed here only for its retrospect. Read online
Sources and studies
- Wikipedia (en), Sunda Kingdom (read in this pass): Sanghyang Tapak 952 Saka (1030), Kebon Kopi 932, Horren, Carita Parahyangan caveats, Zhu Fan Zhi on Sin-t'o, Bujangga Manik boundary
- Wikipedia (en), List of volcanoes in Indonesia (read in this pass): summit coordinates of Semeru, Bromo, Arjuno-Welirang, Penanggungan, Kelud, Lawu, Merapi, Merbabu, Sumbing, Sindoro, Slamet, Dieng, Muria, Batur, Agung, Rinjani, Tambora, Sangeang Api and others
- General knowledge of Old Javanese and Old Balinese epigraphy and the archaeology of Java, recalled and not re-read in this pass (Boechari, Poerbatjaraka, Soekmono, Bernet Kempers)
- OMNIA board notes for the place (a lead, not a source)
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.