Built in 1183 by Narapatisithu, in the Minnanthu village area south-west of Bagan, in brick and stone with frescoes inside (English Wikipedia, citing Coedes).
The campaign board calls it the high point of Pagan brickwork and says that its date is given by its inscription and that the endowment lands attached to it are a real transfer of rice ground out of the crown's hands into the monasteries; the page mentions no inscription, no village and no endowment, so we could not check either claim. After the 1975 earthquake it was restored and in 1994 rebuilt (page).
Who holds it
- Name
- Narapatisithu (patron)
- Title
- Patron and keepers
- Since
- 1183
- Born
- not pinned
- Family
- See Narapatisithu (Sithu II).
- Confidence
- medium
English Wikipedia, Sulamani Temple (citing Coedes 1968, p. 178); the campaign board's claim of a dating inscription was not checked.
What it holds
- The temple and its precinct
- Endowment lands and servants (the campaign board's claim; unchecked)
How it was acquired
Built by the king in 1183.
How things stand that morning
The king's own temple, seventeen years old, fresh in the monastic economy.
Places of note
- The Sulamani: Temple of 1183.
Where the sources disagree
- The campaign board entry sulamani-pagan: 'dated by its inscription'. The page cites Coedes (1968) and mentions no inscription; the date is accepted, the inscription claim is not checked.
Evidence: Date from Coedes (who used the inscriptions); endowments only on the campaign board's word.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
Primary sources for Kingdom of Pagan
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma, The Royal Historical Commission of King Bagyidaw (Monywe Sayadaw and others), drawing on U Kala's Maha Yazawin (about 1724) and earlier chronicles (1829 to 1832). The standard Burmese court chronicle, compiled six centuries after 1200 from older chronicles now lost. Read online
- The later Tai, Lao and Mon chronicles of the north, Ratanapanna (Jinakalamali); Bodhiramsi (Chamadevivamsa); anonymous monks and court scribes (the Chamadevivamsa about 1410; the Jinakalamali 1516 to 1528; the Chiang Mai Chronicle in its surviving form 1827; the Nithan Khun Borom 16th to 17th century). There is no text of 1200 for the Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya, the Tai muang of Ngoenyang (Chiang Saen), Chiang Rung, the Yom and Nan valleys, or the Lao middle Mekong.
- History of Song, chapters 488 and 489: Jiaozhi, Dali, Champa, Zhenla, Pagan, Srivijaya, Java, Brunei, Chola and Tambralinga, Toqto'a (Tuotuo) and the Yuan history office, from the Song court records (1343 to 1345, from Song veritable records and court diaries). The Chinese court's record of its southern neighbours, compiled from Song archives. Read online
- Epigraphia Birmanica, being lithic and other inscriptions of Burma, Various, edited by Taw Sein Ko, C. Duroiselle and C. O. Blagden (inscriptions of the 11th to 15th centuries; the series ran from 1919 to 1936). The Archaeological Survey of Burma's series of edited inscriptions with full translations. Read online
- Inscriptions of Pagan, Pinya and Ava; Inscriptions of Burma, Various (the Pagan kings, queens, ministers and donors), edited by Tun Nyein, Taw Sein Ko, G. H. Luce and Pe Maung Tin (inscriptions of the 11th to 14th centuries; editions 1899 and 1933 to 1956). The dedicatory inscriptions of Pagan are the only contemporary texts for the kingdom of Narapatisithu (reigning 1174 to 1211). Read online
- A Description of the Foreign Peoples (Records of Foreign Nations), Zhao Rukuo (Zhao Rugua) (1225 at Quanzhou). The best single text for the island world around 1200, written by the superintendent of maritime trade at Quanzhou from merchants' reports a generation after the date. Read online
- Notes in Answer to Questions about the Lands beyond the Passes, Zhou Qufei (周去非) (1178, after service in Guangxi). A Guangxi official's notes, written twenty years before 1200, on the south-western frontier of the Song and the countries beyond. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.