The Fuwa barrier lies in the pass between the Ibuki and Suzuka ranges where the road from the east, the Tōsandō and the Mino road, enters Ōmi and runs on to Kyoto.
It is one of the three old barriers (with Suzuka and Arachi) that gave the capital district its name 'inside the barriers' (Kantō, 'east of the barriers', is the older meaning); the barrier as a toll gate was abolished in 789, but the place stays a boundary and a post on the road. The brief makes it the line between the two research areas: Mino east of it is on this sheet, Ōmi west of it is on West Japan. The battle of Sekigahara (1600) is far later.
Who holds it
- Title
- Local governor or lord
- Confidence
- low
No holder is dated for 1 January 1200.
Lord in 1200
The court's governors of Mino and Ōmi; no Kamakura post is known here
Where the sources disagree
- The gazetteer's Sekigahara centre (35.336 136.438) is a few kilometres from the campaign board's point (35.362 136.47); the old barrier ruins are near 35.37 136.46.
Evidence: Recollection and the campaign board; no page on the place was opened.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: Seat only.
Primary sources for Kyoto court
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Hundred Times Refined Extracts: court annals (late thirteenth century, from court diaries). Short dated annals of the imperial court excerpted from courtiers' diaries, among them the Gyokuyo and the Meigetsuki. Read online
- Mirror of the East, Anonymous; compiled by officials of the Kamakura shogunate (compiled about 1300 from the shogunate's records, diaries and family documents). The Kamakura house's own chronicle, in daily entries. Read online
- Jottings of a Fool: an interpretative history of Japan, Jien (慈円) (about 1219 to 1220, revised to about 1223). A history by Kujo Kanezane's brother, head of the Tendai school and the leading churchman of the court, written to explain the fall of the Kujo and the rise of the warriors as the working of principle (dori). Read online
- History of the Song, the chapters on Xia and on foreign states, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office (1343 to 1345). The Song court's accounts of its neighbours, each arranged as an annal of embassies and wars. Read online
- Diary of the Inokuma Regent: the diary of Konoe Iezane, Konoe Iezane (近衛家実) (1197 to 1218, as a daily diary). The diary of the regent's heir, aged twenty-one in 1200 and already a senior courtier under his father Konoe Motomichi, who was regent (sessho) for the child emperor Tsuchimikado. Read online
- Leaves of Jade: the diary of Kujo Kanezane, Kujo (Fujiwara) Kanezane (九條兼實) (1164 to 1200, as a daily diary). The diary of the former regent, Yoritomo's ally at court, who had been driven from power in the Kenkyu purge of 1196 and lived in retirement in 1200. Read online
- Record of the Bright Moon: the diary of Fujiwara no Teika, Fujiwara no Teika (藤原定家) (1180 to 1235, as a daily diary, with gaps). The diary of the poet and courtier, then thirty-eight and a middle-ranking official of the Kujo house. Read online
- Surviving Documents of the Kamakura Period, Various; collected by Takeuchi Rizo (竹内理三) (documents of 1185 to 1333, collected and printed 1971 to 1997). The collected charters, deeds, court orders, shogunal directives, temple records and land registers of the Kamakura age, printed in date order. Read online
4 more in the sources library for Korea and Japan.
Sources and studies
- KJA_BRIEF.md and the OMNIA board for sheet kja (the lead's notes: [own] computation, [not yet checked against the source] recollection, [en] English Wikipedia)
- Azuma Kagami (the Kamakura chronicle), Kenkyu 10 to Shoji 2 entries, recalled and through the brief; ja.wikipedia and ja.wikisource were refused in this session, so no entry was re-read
- Jeffrey P. Mass, Warrior Government in Early Medieval Japan (1974), from memory; the archive.org full text could not be opened
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.