Khwarazmian governor of Kerman

Who he is

Name

Nusrat al-Din, son of Muhammad Oner (as Bosworth gives it)

Title

Atabeg and governor of Kerman for the Khwarazmshah

Since

592 AH (1196) or about 594 AH (1198)

Born

Not pinned

Family

Son of Muhammad Oner, perhaps the amir Muhammad b. Oner named in Bosworth's account of Sanjar's Khurasan (identification not pinned)

Confidence

low

Bosworth, CHI 5, pp. 174-175: 'Tekish's authority was established in Kirman through the agency of the atabeg Nusrat al-Din b. Muhammad Oner'. No source seen names the governor for the winter of 1199-1200.

Overlord

The Khwarazmshah Ala al-Din Tekish.

What it holds

• Bardasir (Kerman city) and its district
• Sirjan
• Bam and Narmashir
• Jiroft and the warm country
• Zarand, Kuhbanan and Ravar
• Khabis (Shahdad)
• Tribute from Old Hormuz (presumed)

How it was acquired

Khwarazmian occupation, 1196 or about 1198.

Allies and rivals

Rivals: the Ghuzz remnants, the Shabankara, the Salghurids; the Baluch and Qufs of the hills.

How things stand that morning

Holds Bardasir for Tekish (low confidence); his hold on the outlying towns is not pinned.

Wealth

Kerman's revenues, much reduced by the Ghuzz years.

Military

Khwarazmian troops and enrolled Ghuzz; the citadels of Bardasir, Bam and Sirjan. No figures.

Threats

• Tekish's death
• The Shabankara
• Ghuzz revolt

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. After 3 July 1200With Tekish dead and his heir Muhammad at war with the Ghurids in Khurasan, the Khwarazmian hold on Kerman lapses (date not pinned).Depends on: Tekish's death and the Ghurid invasion of Khurasan Stopped by: Muhammad sending troops south

Where the sources disagree

• The dossier says Kerman is Khwarazmian: supported for 1196 onwards, but the governor for 1199-1200 is unattested and the date of the Khwarazmian withdrawal is not pinned.

Evidence: One sentence in Bosworth names the governor; the rest is inference from the sequence of events.

On the map: Kerman's towns are drawn as the governor's; in fact his hold beyond Bardasir that winter is not pinned, and the hill peoples are left out.

Primary sources for Khwarazm

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• The Chronography of Bar Hebraeus, Gregory Bar Hebraeus (Abu'l-Faraj) (about 1275 to 1286). A later compilation that for 1200 relies on Michael the Syrian and Ibn al-Athir, but adds the Jacobite church's own memory of the Jazira, Mosul, Melitene and the Artuqid and Zangid courts, and carries Michael's story past 1195: the Seljuk brothers' war in Rum, the Khwarazmian and Ghurid wars in the east, Mosul under Nur al-Din Arslan Shah, and the caliph al-Nasir. Read online
• The Complete History, Izz al-Din Ibn al-Athir (about 1200 to 1231, at Mosul). The widest Muslim narrative for the years 596 to 597 AH (1199 to 1201): al-Adil's entry into Cairo and his taking of the sultanate from his nephew al-Mansur Muhammad early in 1200, the quarrels of the Ayyubid princes at Damascus, Aleppo and Hama, the Nile failure and the great famine of Egypt, Mosul under Nur al-Din Arslan Shah and the Jazira under Gokbori and the Artuqids, Baghdad under the caliph al-Nasir, the Khwarazmshah Tekish's death in 1200 and Muhammad's accession, the Ghurid wars in Khurasan, the Eldiguzids and Georgia, the Almohads in the west, and the Seljuks of Rum in passing. Read online
• Comfort of Hearts and Sign of Joy: a History of the Seljuks, Muhammad ibn Ali al-Rawandi (Ravandi) (1203 to 1204, dedicated to Kaykhusraw I of Rum). A history of the Great Seljuks from their origins to the death of the last sultan Toghril III in 1194, begun at Hamadan and finished for Kaykhusraw of Rum when the author moved to Anatolia. Read online
• History of Tabaristan, Ibn Isfandiyar (Baha al-Din Muhammad ibn Hasan) (begun 1206, extended about 1216; continued anonymously to 1349). The local history of the Caspian province and the only account of the Bavandid kings of Tabaristan: Husam al-Dawla Ardashir (reigned 1173 to 1206) at Sari and Amul, his dealings with the Khwarazmshahs Tekish and Ala al-Din Muhammad, the Nizaris of Alamut, the Eldiguzids and the caliph, and the marriages, feuds and raids of the Daylamite and Gilaki lords. Read online
• The History of the World Conqueror, Ata-Malik Juvayni (1252 to 1260). Written for the Mongols but with a long retrospective on the powers they destroyed. Read online
• The Life of Sultan Jalal al-Din Mankubirti, Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi (about 1241, at Aleppo). A Khwarazmian secretary's life of the last Khwarazmshah. Read online
• The Nasirid Generations: a General History of the Muslim Dynasties, Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (1259 to 1260, at Delhi). The Ghurid court's own history, by a man born in 1193 whose family served the sultans of Ghur and Ghazna. Read online
• Compendium of Chronicles, Rashid al-Din Fadl Allah Hamadani (1300 to 1311, at Tabriz). The official Ilkhanid history, compiled from Mongol oral tradition and the lost Altan Debter. Read online

3 more in the sources library for Persia and the Eastern Islamic World.