Haro (Diego López)

Who he is

Name

Diego López II de Haro, 'el Bueno'

Title

Lord of Vizcaya; ricohombre; former alférez

Since

Lord of Vizcaya since his father Lope Díaz I died in 1170

Born

not pinned (active from about 1170)

Family

Son of Lope Díaz I de Haro. Sister Urraca López, widow of Ferdinand II of León (married 1187), mother of the Leonese infante Sancho Fernández. Married first María Manrique de Lara (daughter of Manrique Pérez de Lara, lord of Molina): son Lope Díaz II, his heir. Married second Toda Pérez de Azagra (daughter of Pedro Rodríguez de Azagra, lord of Albarracín): Pedro, Urraca (later wife of Álvaro Núñez de Lara), Aldonza (later wife of Rodrigo Díaz de los Cameros), María (later wife of Gonzalo Núñez de Lara), Teresa and Mencía. Which of these marriages are already made by 1200 is not pinned; Baury puts the Lara son-in-law tie in 1208.

Confidence

high

Baury 2011; English Wikipedia (Baury 2003, Salazar y Castro).

Overlord

Alfonso VIII of Castile

What it holds

• Hereditary lordship of Vizcaya: the coast and valleys, the anteiglesias, the lord's rights of justice, war service and rents
• Tenancy of the Rioja (Nájera and its district)
• Tenancy of Castilla Vieja (Medina de Pomar, Espinosa, Losa)
• Tenancy of Trasmiera
• Tenancy of the Asturias de Santillana
• Tenancy of the Bureba
• Royal grants of 1198 including the village of Alcubillete

How it was acquired

Vizcaya by inheritance (1170). The Rioja, Castilla Vieja and Trasmiera were his father's tenancies, recovered on his return from his first exile in Navarre (1179-1183), when he added the Asturias de Santillana and the Bureba (English Wikipedia after Baury). He had held Álava and Guipúzcoa as Navarre's tenant in 1181-82 (Baury).

Allies and rivals

Rivals: the Lara brothers, who replaced him at court. Kin and allies: his sister Queen Urraca López and her son in León; the Azagras of Albarracín (second wife); later the Cameros (marriages after 1200). Navarre is his refuge of old (1179-83) and again in 1201.

How things stand that morning

Holds Vizcaya and, as far as can be told, his northern tenancies. Lost the office of alférez in May 1199 but stayed at court (Baury). The tenancies are attested for 1183 and in the 1196 phrase; their tenure on 1 January 1200 is not pinned district by district. Bureba was his in the 1190s (it interrupted Fernando Núñez de Lara's tenure, which resumes in 1202, after Diego López's break).

Wealth

Vizcaya's iron and ports (Bermeo, the Nervión), the toll and market rights of the Rioja on the Camino de Santiago, the Rioja's wine and grain, the salt and rents of the Bureba (Poza), the Cantabrian valleys' cattle and fisheries.

Military

His own Vizcayan following and the knights of his tenancies; the castles of the Rioja and Bureba. Rearguard commander at Alarcos (1195). Later leads a whole division at Las Navas (1212).

Threats

• Loss of royal favour to the Laras
• The king taking back tenancies at will (they are not hereditary)
• If he defects, the crown can strip Vizcaya's neighbours from him and occupy the lordship

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

In 1200

1. Through 1200Remains at court, sullen, while the Lara brothers rise (Baury: two more years before he disappears).Depends on: No reconciliation over the standard. Stopped by: The king restoring him or giving him a new office.

Later, on the likely course

1. 1201Breaks with Alfonso VIII, goes to Navarre and governs Estella for Sancho VII; raids Castile; later chronicles have Alfonso besiege him in Estella. Exile lasts until 1206; in 1204 Alfonso promises to restore all Vizcaya to him.Depends on: The rift deepening and Navarre offering him service. Stopped by: A royal settlement, or Navarre refusing him.

Places of note

• Bermeo, port of the lordship: Chief harbour of Vizcaya.
• Nájera, head of the Riojan tenancy: Castle and town; the Haros' burial church later at Santa María la Real.
• Haro, the family's name-place: A royal town by 1200 (fuero 1187).

Where the sources disagree

• Who commanded at Vitoria: Spanish Wikipedia names Alfonso VIII and Diego López de Haro; Baury's article does not link him to the 1199-1200 campaign. Kept as 'later accounts'.
• Vizcaya's standing between Navarre and Castile before 1200: see the realm record.

Evidence: His offices and the general shape of his power are well documented (Baury). Which tenancies he held on 1 January 1200 rests on 1183 and 1196 evidence and his removal in 1201; each tenancy part below is marked accordingly.

On the map: Vizcaya follows the modern province, which overstates the 1200 lordship at its western (Encartaciones) and southern (Orduña) edges. The tenancy blocks are drawn from the districts' traditional extent; tenure on the day is fair, not certain.

Primary sources for Castile

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Annals of Toledo and other short Iberian annals (12th and 13th centuries; Anales Toledanos I to 1219). Florez's volume 23 gathers the short annals of the peninsula. Read online
• Chronicle of the World (Lucas of Tuy), Lucas de Tuy (1236, for Queen Berenguela). The Leonese counterpart to Rodrigo, written at San Isidoro for Berenguela. Read online
• Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile, Anonymous, probably Juan of Osma, chancellor of Castile (about 1223 to 1239). The chancellor's chronicle of Alfonso VIII's reign, detailed from the 1190s. Read online
• Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
• The Complete History: the passages on the Maghreb and al-Andalus, Ibn al-Athir (about 1220 to 1231, at Mosul). The year entries for 595 to 597 of the Hijra (late 1198 to 1201) record the death of Yaqub al-Mansur, the accession of al-Nasir and the opening of Yahya ibn Ghaniya's war in Ifriqiya; the following years follow Yahya and the Ghuzz captain Qaraqush through Tripoli, Gabès and Mahdia to al-Nasir's reconquest in 1206, with the best eastern account of Qaraqush's career. Read online
• The Garden of Pages: a History of the Kings of the Maghreb and of the City of Fez, Ibn Abi Zar al-Fasi (completed in 1326 at Fez, for the Marinid sultan Abu Said Uthman). The Almohad chapters give a brisk dated narrative of al-Mansur's death and burial, al-Nasir's accession and the Banu Ghaniya troubles, with the kind of detail (coinage, public works at Fez and Rabat, prices, plagues) that a Fez compiler cared about, and the annals of Fez supply the city's governors and markets. Read online
• The Wondrous Account of the History of al-Andalus and the Maghreb, Ibn Idhari al-Marrakushi (about 1312, at Marrakesh). The Almohad section is the fullest year-by-year narrative of the caliphate around 1200: the last campaigns and the death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur in January 1199, the accession of his son Muhammad al-Nasir, the renewed war of the Banu Ghaniya in Ifriqiya under Yahya ibn Ishaq and his ally Qaraqush, the Almohad losses of Mahdia and Tunis a few years later, and al-Nasir's reconquest of Ifriqiya in 1205 to 1206 followed by the appointment of Abd al-Wahid ibn Abi Hafs as governor. Read online
• Deeds of Philip Augustus, Rigord (about 1186 to 1206, in stages). The French court's own chronicle for the year, from the monk of Saint-Denis who called himself the king's chronographer. Read online

13 more in the sources library for France and Iberia.