Quanzhen order

Who holds it

Name

Liu Chuxuan (Changsheng)

Title

Head of the Quanzhen order (third successor of Wang Chongyang, after Ma Yu and Tan Chuduan)

Since

1185, as we recall (unchecked); English Wikipedia's Qiu Chuji page gives Liu Chuxuan as Qiu's predecessor as head

Born

1147, as we recall

Family

One of the Seven Perfected, the disciples of Wang Chongyang (1113-1170); the others living in 1200 include Qiu Chuji (b. 1148), Wang Chuyi (b. 1142) and Hao Datong.

Confidence

medium

Succession from the Qiu Chuji infobox (English Wikipedia). Liu's own dates and the 1185 accession are from memory and not checked here; the likely course below carries his death.

Overlord

Emperor Zhangzong, through the Jin registers of monks and Daoists

What it holds

• The Quanzhen huts and halls of Ninghai, Qixia and Mount Kunyu
• Halls and followers across the plain of Hebei and Shandong, in Henan and at Zhongdu
• The Ancestral Hut at Liujiang by the Zhongnan hills in Shaanxi (a different sheet's ground)

How it was acquired

Founded by Wang Chongyang at Ninghai in 1167-1170 (English Wikipedia, Quanzhen School); each hall is a new foundation of the 1170s to 1190s.

Allies and rivals

The court has summoned its masters (Qiu Chuji to Yanjing in spring 1188, by Shizong, and kept him half a year) and has banned its preaching (winter 1191). Buddhist and older Daoist houses compete for the same lay support.

How things stand that morning

Established on the peninsula. In the winter of 1191 the Emperor Zhangzong ordered preaching to be forbidden (English Wikipedia on Qiu Chuji); we could not date the end of that ban or say how strictly it is enforced on 1 January 1200. Qiu Chuji returned to Qixia and built the Taixu guan in the same winter, so the order was not suppressed in Shandong at that time.

Wealth

Gifts from followers; small land endowments of the halls. No figure.

Threats

• The court renewing the ban on preaching
• The Jin suspecting secret societies in a famine year

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. 1203Liu Chuxuan dies and Qiu Chuji becomes head of the order (head 1203 to 1227).Depends on: Liu Chuxuan's natural death in 1203. Stopped by: A different succession or an earlier death.
2. May 1219 to 1224Chinggis Khan writes to Qiu Chuji (15 May 1219 by the page's reckoning); Qiu leaves Shandong in February 1220, sets out west in February 1221 and reaches the Khan near the Hindu Kush in 1222; the order rises under Mongol favour.Depends on: Temujin becoming Chinggis Khan (1206) and conquering the west; nothing of this has begun on 1 January 1200. Stopped by: A different history of the steppe.

Places of note

• Ninghai: Where Wang Chongyang taught at the Quanzhen Hut and Qiu Chuji found him in 1168.
• Qixia: Qiu Chuji's birthplace and the Taixu guan.

Where the sources disagree

• Brief asks for the standing of the Quanzhen ban on 1 January 1200: we can say only that Zhangzong forbade preaching in the winter of 1191 and that the order is flourishing on the peninsula; the end of the ban is not pinned.

Evidence: The Jinshi text could not be opened in this session; the dates below come from the English Wikipedia pages named in the sources and from memory, marked where unchecked.

On the map: A marker or a small disc: the house's lands and boundaries are not known.

Primary sources for Jin empire

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Annals of the Western Xia, Wu Guangcheng (吳廣成) (1825 to 1827, compiled from Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan sources). A Qing scholar's year-by-year reconstruction of Tangut history from the Chinese histories, since the Xia left no surviving annals of their own in Chinese. Read online
• Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, Bi Yuan (畢沅), completed by Feng Jiwu after his death (late eighteenth century, finished after 1801, from Song and Yuan sources). A Qing scholar's continuous month-by-month chronicle of the Song and Yuan centuries, compiled from the Song shi, the Liao, Jin and Yuan histories, Li Tao, Li Xinchuan and other Song sources. Read online
• Essentials of the History of Goryeo, Kim Jong-seo (金宗瑞) and the Joseon history office (1452). The chronological companion to the Goryeosa, finished a year after it and drawing on the same lost records, sometimes with entries the Goryeosa omits. Read online
• Outline and Details of Two Reigns (thirteenth century, after 1224). A Song outline-and-detail chronicle of exactly the two reigns around 1200, drawn from the court's daily records. Read online
• Record of the Personal Campaigns of the Holy Warrior (Chinggis Khan) (presented to Khubilai in 1288, finished in Mongolian in 1290; the surviving Chinese version dates from 1369). A year-by-year Chinese account of Temujin's wars, drawn from the lost Altan Debter (the same source behind the Yuan shi's first chapter and Rashid al-Din). Read online
• The Secret History of the Mongols (1228 or 1240 (the colophon's Year of the Rat is disputed), with later additions; the surviving Chinese transcription and gloss were made under the Ming in the 1380s). The only Mongol account of Temujin's rise, written within living memory. Read online
• History of the Jin, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office, with Ouyang Xuan among the chief compilers (1343 to 1344, from the Jin veritable records and the Jin national history). The official history of the Jurchen empire that ruled north China and Manchuria in 1200. Read online
• Record of the Great Jin State, Attributed to Yuwen Maozhao (宇文懋昭); the attribution is doubtful (preface dated 1234; probably assembled in the Southern Song from Song and Jin material, with later accretions). A Song-side history of the Jin, with annals for each emperor and chapters on institutions, customs, the capitals and the Jurchen way of life. Read online

14 more in the sources library for North China and Manchuria.