A Vajrayana monastery of the Barind, founded "probably" by Ramapala (c.
1077 to 1120) in the late eleventh century, near the present Jagdal in Naogaon, close to Somapura. English Wikipedia says that it specialised in Vajrayana, that texts of the Kangyur and Tengyur were composed or copied here, that the poet Vidyakara probably compiled the Subhashitaratnakosha here, and that the Kashmiri Sakyasribhadra is said to have fled to Tibet in 1204 "when Muslim incursions seemed imminent"; its abandonment is given as 1207 (Dutt, tentative). It was "apparently the last mahavihara to be overrun".
On 1 January 1200 it is standing in a Sena country that does not persecute it.
Who holds it
- Name
- not named for 1200
- Title
- Abbot of Jagaddala
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
What it holds
- The monastery mound and its library
How things stand that morning
Standing and working; the Turkish threat is still far and the Senas do not touch it.
Threats
- Bakhtiyar after 1202 to 1205; abandonment about 1207
What the year holds
What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.
- 1204Sakyasribhadra is said to leave for Tibet as Muslim incursions near.Depends on: The Turks take Lakhnauti. Stopped by: The Turks hold off.
- 1207 (tentative)Final destruction or abandonment of Jagaddala.Depends on: The Turks reach Varendra. Stopped by: The Senas hold the Barind.
Places of note
- Jagaddala: Mahavihara.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: One modern page with tentative dates.
On the map: A small disc for the house and its home villages; the granted villages lay scattered.
Primary sources for Senas of Bengal
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Nasirean Generations (a general history of the Muslim dynasties), Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (completed 1260 at Delhi). The fullest narrative of the Ghurid conquest of northern India. Read online
- The Nasirid Generations: a General History of the Muslim Dynasties, Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (1259 to 1260, at Delhi). The Ghurid court's own history, by a man born in 1193 whose family served the sultans of Ghur and Ghazna. Read online
- Inscriptions of Bengal, vol. 3, Various (the Sena kings' chanceries), edited by N. G. Majumdar (copper plates of the 10th to early 13th centuries; edited 1929). The one-volume edition of the Sena copper plates, the main documentary evidence for Bengal around 1200. Read online
- Epigraphia Indica: inscriptions of the Chandelas, Paramaras, Gahadavalas, Chaulukyas, Senas and Eastern Gangas, Various (edited for the Archaeological Survey of India by J. Burgess, E. Hultzsch, F. Kielhorn, Sten Konow, F. W. Thomas and successors) (inscriptions of the 1180s to 1210s; the series ran from 1892). The main record series for the Hindu kingdoms of northern India around 1200. Read online
- The Song of Govinda, Jayadeva (late 12th century, by tradition at the court of Lakshmanasena of Bengal). A literary witness, not a chronicle. Read online
- The History of India as Told by its Own Historians: the Muhammadan Period, vol. 2, Various (Ibn al-Athir, Hasan Nizami, Awfi, Juzjani and others), edited by H. M. Elliot and John Dowson (the sources date from the 1190s to the 14th century; the collection was published in 1869). A one-volume anthology of the Arabic and Persian accounts of the Ghurid conquest. Read online
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.