Cashel

Who holds it

Name

Muirges Ua hÉnna (Matthew O'Heney)

Title

Archbishop of Cashel

Since

Not pinned (archbishop by the early 1190s)

Confidence

medium

Nothing beyond the campaign notes could be checked: the pages on the archbishops of Cashel could not be read (rate-limited).

What it holds

• The Rock of Cashel with Cormac's Chapel (consecrated 1134) and the church Domnall Ua Briain built beside it in 1169
• The territory round the Rock granted in 1101, and the town of Cashel below it
• The metropolitan see of Munster

How it was acquired

Muirchertach Ua Briain's grant of 1101, made before the chiefs and clergy; the pallium came at the synod of Kells in 1152.

How things stand that morning

Held by the archbishop amid war between Irish and English lords in Munster.

Wealth

Church rents; the prestige of the Rock as Munster's royal and sacred centre.

Threats

• English expansion in Tipperary
• Dynastic war among the O'Briens

Advocates and rivals

The O'Brien kings of Thomond; the English barons granted Tipperary lands by John, among them Theobald Walter (Hubert Walter's brother), Philip of Worcester and William de Burgh.

Places of note

• Rock of Cashel: Cormac's Chapel and the cathedral on the Rock

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: The 1101 grant and the buildings are well known; the archbishop's lordship over the town in 1200 is thin (the town's first charter from an archbishop comes later). The archbishop's page could not be read.

On the map: The extent of the 1101 grant is not traced; the district round the town stands for it.

Primary sources for Lordship of Ireland

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Annals of Clonmacnoise, Anonymous; English translation of a lost Irish chronicle by Conall Mac Geoghegan (medieval original lost; translated 1627). A midland chronicle, tied to Clonmacnoise and the kings of Meath and Connacht, surviving only in a 1627 translation. Read online
• Annals of Inisfallen, Anonymous (monks of Inisfallen, Kerry, and earlier of Emly and Lismore) (the manuscript was written in 1092 and continued at Inisfallen in many contemporary hands to 1450). The Munster chronicle, written in Kerry in a hand close to the events. Read online
• Annals of Loch Ce, Various (compiled for the Mac Diarmada of Moylurg) (compiled 1580s from older annals; the medieval section rests on a Connacht chronicle). The fullest Connacht account of the year: Cathal Carrach's seizure of the kingship, Cathal Crobderg's flight north, the Connacht expedition of de Courcy and the Ui Neill on Crobderg's behalf and its defeat, William de Burgh's role, and the devastation of the province's churches, with the names of the Connacht nobles and clergy who died. Read online
• Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, Various; compiled by Micheal O Cleirigh and others (1632 to 1636, from medieval annals now partly lost). A seventeenth century compilation but it draws on lost medieval annals, so its 1200 entries add names and incidents missing elsewhere: the Connacht war and the English of Meath and Munster, the deaths of Irish kings and churchmen across the island, and raids in Thomond and Desmond. Read online
• Annals of Ulster, Various; compiled by Cathal Mac Maghnusa (compiled about 1498 from much older annals; the entries for 1200 derive from contemporary record). The most reliable Irish annal for the north. Read online
• Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
• Mac Carthaigh's Book (Miscellaneous Irish Annals), Anonymous (a Munster compilation) (compiled in the later Middle Ages from Munster annals; manuscript of the 17th century). A Munster annal with a Mac Carthaig and Desmond slant, giving for the years around 1200 the kings of Desmond and Thomond, their wars with each other and with the English of Cork and Limerick, and the castles the settlers were building. Read online
• The History of William Marshal, Anonymous (a poet called John, writing for the Marshal family) (about 1224 to 1226). A knight's view of the Angevin succession: the council at Vaudreuil in April 1199 where the Marshal and Hubert Walter argued for John over Arthur, the Marshal's crossing to secure England, John's coronation, and the Marshal's part in Normandy in 1199 and 1200 as holder of Longueville and Orbec and a go-between with Philip. Read online

7 more in the sources library for The British Isles.