The mouth of the Ruak on the Mekong, a short way above the Chiang Saen plain: the meeting of the road north into the Shan valleys with the crossing east over the river (the campaign board).
The far bank of the Ruak is Shan and Lawa ground and belongs to the Burma records. The gazetteer has no Sop Ruak; the point is the campaign board's (20.353 N, 100.082 E).
Who holds it
- Title
- Headman of the landing
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
Overlord
the phaya of Ngoenyang (likely)
What the town holds
- The landing and the river mouth
Allies and rivals
Ngoenyang south; Kengtung and the Shan valleys across the Ruak (Burma).
How things stand that morning
A river landing in Ngoenyang's orbit.
Wealth
Crossing fees.
Threats
- None dated
Communities
Tai, Lawa and Shan.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: The campaign board and geography.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: A point.
Primary sources for Ngoenyang
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The later Tai, Lao and Mon chronicles of the north, Ratanapanna (Jinakalamali); Bodhiramsi (Chamadevivamsa); anonymous monks and court scribes (the Chamadevivamsa about 1410; the Jinakalamali 1516 to 1528; the Chiang Mai Chronicle in its surviving form 1827; the Nithan Khun Borom 16th to 17th century). There is no text of 1200 for the Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya, the Tai muang of Ngoenyang (Chiang Saen), Chiang Rung, the Yom and Nan valleys, or the Lao middle Mekong.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.