The ford over the Sai on the road north out of Ngoenyang toward the Shan valleys and Kengtung.
The town across the river is Tachileik, which belongs to the Burma records (the gazetteer puts it about 25 km too far north, at 20.68 N; the town is at about 20.45 N, opposite Mae Sai). Wiang Phang Kham, the rival site for Ngoenyang, lies near here. How the ford was held in 1200 is not recorded.
Who holds it
- Title
- Headman of the ford
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
Overlord
the phaya of Ngoenyang (likely)
What the town holds
- The ford and the north road
Allies and rivals
Ngoenyang south; the Shan and Lawa valleys across the Sai (Burma).
How things stand that morning
A ford on the Ngoenyang frontier; no dated event.
Wealth
Ford fees, caravan tolls.
Threats
- None dated
Communities
Tai, Lawa and Shan.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: The campaign board and geography.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: A point.
Primary sources for Ngoenyang
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The later Tai, Lao and Mon chronicles of the north, Ratanapanna (Jinakalamali); Bodhiramsi (Chamadevivamsa); anonymous monks and court scribes (the Chamadevivamsa about 1410; the Jinakalamali 1516 to 1528; the Chiang Mai Chronicle in its surviving form 1827; the Nithan Khun Borom 16th to 17th century). There is no text of 1200 for the Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya, the Tai muang of Ngoenyang (Chiang Saen), Chiang Rung, the Yom and Nan valleys, or the Lao middle Mekong.
Sources and studies
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.