Byeokrando (Byeongnando) is the river port at the mouth of the Yeseong, where the Song ships tie up and goods go up to Gaegyeong by road and by river (the capital is a day or two away).
English Wikipedia says hundreds of Song merchants a year arrived from the 1030s and Arab merchants are recorded in 1024, 1025 and 1040. No state mission has crossed to the Song since 1127 [not yet checked against the source], so in 1200 the trade is private and licensed. The silt shifts and the quays are known only in part: the dot is placed approximately (the campaign board says so, and we moved it to the west bank at the river's mouth).
Goods in: silk, books, medicine, tea, porcelain; out: ginseng, paper, silver, hemp [not yet checked against the source].
Who holds it
- Title
- Port officers under the capital governor (names not known)
- Confidence
- low
No source we could read names the holder in 1200
Lord in 1200
The Gaegyeong governor and the circuit's port officers; the merchants' own headmen
Overlord
the king at Gaegyeong, in fact Choe Chung-heon
How things stand that morning
Open; the Song fleet comes by the Heuksando sea road.
Council
Port officers and merchants' headmen (not known).
Communities
Song merchants (Song merchants), Jurchen and other foreign visitors at times.
Fairs and markets
A guest hall for foreign envoys and merchants [not yet checked against the source].
Trade and crafts
The kingdom's great harbour: Song silk, porcelain, books; Goryeo ginseng and paper [not yet checked against the source].
Where the sources disagree
- The campaign board entry point (37.85, 126.44) lies in the Han estuary; we place the port at 37.91, 126.38 on the west bank of the Yeseong (Paechon district), a guess within 10 km.
Evidence: One English sentence and recollection.
"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.
On the map: Port location approximate within ten kilometres.
Primary sources for Goryeo
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- Essentials of the History of Goryeo, Kim Jong-seo (金宗瑞) and the Joseon history office (1452). The chronological companion to the Goryeosa, finished a year after it and drawing on the same lost records, sometimes with entries the Goryeosa omits. Read online
- Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, Bi Yuan (畢沅), completed by Feng Jiwu after his death (late eighteenth century, finished after 1801, from Song and Yuan sources). A Qing scholar's continuous month-by-month chronicle of the Song and Yuan centuries, compiled from the Song shi, the Liao, Jin and Yuan histories, Li Tao, Li Xinchuan and other Song sources. Read online
- History of Goryeo, Jeong Inji (鄭麟趾), Kim Jong-seo (金宗瑞) and the Joseon history office (completed 1451, from the Goryeo veritable records and earlier drafts). The official history of Goryeo, compiled by the Joseon state from the lost Goryeo veritable records. Read online
- History of the Jin, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office, with Ouyang Xuan among the chief compilers (1343 to 1344, from the Jin veritable records and the Jin national history). The official history of the Jurchen empire that ruled north China and Manchuria in 1200. Read online
- History of the Song, the chapters on Xia and on foreign states, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office (1343 to 1345). The Song court's accounts of its neighbours, each arranged as an annal of embassies and wars. Read online
- Draft Compilation of the Collected Statutes of the Song, Various; the Song huiyao were compiled by the Song state, the surviving draft reassembled by Xu Song from the Yongle dadian in the nineteenth century (the original Song compilations date from the eleventh to the thirteenth century; the surviving extracts were recovered in 1809 to 1820 and printed in 1936). Dated extracts from the Song government's own statute collections, arranged by office. Read online
- Description of the Foreign Peoples (Chau Ju-kua), Zhao Rukuo (趙汝适) (about 1225, while superintendent of maritime trade at Quanzhou). The Song customs officer's survey of the overseas world, compiled from merchants and from Zhou Qufei, a generation after 1200 but describing trade routes that were the same in 1200. Read online
- Collected Works of Minister Yi of the Eastern Country (Yi Gyu-bo), Yi Gyu-bo (李奎報) (poems and prose from the 1190s to 1241; collected and printed by his son in 1241, with a supplement in 1242). The collected poems, letters, memorials and essays of a Goryeo scholar who was thirty-two and still seeking office in 1200. Read online
2 more in the sources library for Korea and Japan.
Sources and studies
- Goryeo (English Wikipedia)
- Kaesong (English Wikipedia)
- Goryeosa, Goryeosa jeoryo, Samguk yusa, Lee Ki-baik, Shultz: not opened in this run (Wikisource could not be reached); facts marked recollection come from these as remembered
- Sheet brief KJA_BRIEF.md and the OMNIA board notes (leads, not sources)
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.