The tea of the Yinsheng hills (the Jingdong and Pu'er country) is attested at least from about 863, when Fan Chuo's Manshu says tea is gathered from the mountains in the Yinsheng area, without processing, and that the people of Mengshe drink it boiled with pepper, ginger and cinnamon (recalled, not re-read).
The growers are hill villagers (Hani, Yi, Pu and Tai); the traders are Bai caravan houses. That Yunnan tea already reaches Tibet and the Song by 1200 is the campaign board's claim; the Wikipedia pages we read date the Tea Horse Road to the Tang and its peak to the Ming and Qing. The Chinese Wikipedia on Pu'er says the Yinsheng command was set up east of the Lancang in 765, governed from Yinsheng city (modern Jingdong), and kept in early Dali.
Who he is
- Title
- Hill growers and Bai caravan houses
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
The Manshu (recalled) and the Chinese Wikipedia on Pu'er.
Overlord
Dali, through Weichu fu by one reading
What it holds
- The tea hills of Jingdong, Zhenyuan and Pu'er
How things stand that morning
No event dated.
Places of note
- Jingdong: Yinsheng city (Jingdong).
Where the sources disagree
- Board 'yinsheng-jingdong': 'the source of the tea that goes north to Tibet and the Song'. We found no source for sales to the Song; the Song's own tea for horses came from Sichuan.
Evidence: One Tang text, recalled.
On the map: Points only.
Primary sources for Dali
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Complete Annals of Dai Viet, Ngo Si Lien, drawing on Le Van Huu's Dai Viet su ky (1272) and Phan Phu Tien; continued by Pham Cong Tru and Le Hi (1479; printed 1697 in the standard Chinh Hoa edition). The main narrative source for Dai Viet in 1200, compiled in 1479 from Le Van Huu's lost history of 1272. Read online
- History of Song, chapters 488 and 489: Jiaozhi, Dali, Champa, Zhenla, Pagan, Srivijaya, Java, Brunei, Chola and Tambralinga, Toqto'a (Tuotuo) and the Yuan history office, from the Song court records (1343 to 1345, from Song veritable records and court diaries). The Chinese court's record of its southern neighbours, compiled from Song archives. Read online
- The Unofficial History of Nanzhao, Yang Shen; revised by Hu Wei (16th century, revised 1775, from Dali and Yunnan traditions and lost local histories). The kingdom of Dali has no surviving text of 1200: its own records were destroyed in the Mongol conquest and after, and the Song shi's Dali entry ends in 1175. Read online
- History of the Song, the chapters on Xia and on foreign states, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office (1343 to 1345). The Song court's accounts of its neighbours, each arranged as an annal of embassies and wars. Read online
- Draft Compilation of the Collected Statutes of the Song, Various; the Song huiyao were compiled by the Song state, the surviving draft reassembled by Xu Song from the Yongle dadian in the nineteenth century (the original Song compilations date from the eleventh to the thirteenth century; the surviving extracts were recovered in 1809 to 1820 and printed in 1936). Dated extracts from the Song government's own statute collections, arranged by office. Read online
- Notes in Answer to Questions about the Lands beyond the Passes, Zhou Qufei (周去非) (1178, after service in Guangxi). A Guangxi official's notes, written twenty years before 1200, on the south-western frontier of the Song and the countries beyond. Read online
Sources and studies
- Fan Chuo, Manshu (Book of the Southern Barbarians, about 863): recalled, NOT re-read (zh.wikisource and ctext were not opened)
- Chinese Wikipedia, 普洱市 (history section, read this session)
- OMNIA board, notes_msy.txt and places_msy.tsv (a lead, not a source)
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.