Moutong was a commandery (jun) under Nanzhao and a fu under Dali (Chinese Wikipedia on Heqing); its seat is Heqing, in the valley north of the Erhai, and it governs the northern valleys toward Lijiang and the Jinsha: Jianchuan, with the Shibaoshan caves and the Shaxi market, and the road to the Tibetan tea trade.
No governor is named.
Who he is
- Title
- Governor of Moutong fu
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
Chinese Wikipedia on Heqing (the fu's name); nothing on its governors.
Overlord
the Gao chancellor
What it holds
- Moutong fu (Heqing)
- Jianchuan and the Shaxi valley
- The Lijiang road
How things stand that morning
No event dated.
Wealth
Salt of the northern wells, the caravan road to the Jinsha and Tibet, rice.
Military
Fu levies.
Threats
- Tibetan raiders from the north are not recorded for these years
Places of note
- Heqing (Moutong): Moutong.
- Jianchuan: Jianchuan.
- Shaxi: Shaxi, a caravan town on the tea road.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Only the fu's existence.
Primary sources for Dali
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Complete Annals of Dai Viet, Ngo Si Lien, drawing on Le Van Huu's Dai Viet su ky (1272) and Phan Phu Tien; continued by Pham Cong Tru and Le Hi (1479; printed 1697 in the standard Chinh Hoa edition). The main narrative source for Dai Viet in 1200, compiled in 1479 from Le Van Huu's lost history of 1272. Read online
- History of Song, chapters 488 and 489: Jiaozhi, Dali, Champa, Zhenla, Pagan, Srivijaya, Java, Brunei, Chola and Tambralinga, Toqto'a (Tuotuo) and the Yuan history office, from the Song court records (1343 to 1345, from Song veritable records and court diaries). The Chinese court's record of its southern neighbours, compiled from Song archives. Read online
- The Unofficial History of Nanzhao, Yang Shen; revised by Hu Wei (16th century, revised 1775, from Dali and Yunnan traditions and lost local histories). The kingdom of Dali has no surviving text of 1200: its own records were destroyed in the Mongol conquest and after, and the Song shi's Dali entry ends in 1175. Read online
- History of the Song, the chapters on Xia and on foreign states, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office (1343 to 1345). The Song court's accounts of its neighbours, each arranged as an annal of embassies and wars. Read online
- Draft Compilation of the Collected Statutes of the Song, Various; the Song huiyao were compiled by the Song state, the surviving draft reassembled by Xu Song from the Yongle dadian in the nineteenth century (the original Song compilations date from the eleventh to the thirteenth century; the surviving extracts were recovered in 1809 to 1820 and printed in 1936). Dated extracts from the Song government's own statute collections, arranged by office. Read online
- Notes in Answer to Questions about the Lands beyond the Passes, Zhou Qufei (周去非) (1178, after service in Guangxi). A Guangxi official's notes, written twenty years before 1200, on the south-western frontier of the Song and the countries beyond. Read online
Sources and studies
- Chinese Wikipedia, 鹤庆县 (history section, read this session)
- Chinese Wikipedia, 大理国 (read this session: the eight fu, four jun, four zhen and thirty-seven bu; it cites Yang Shen's Dian zai ji, Wang Song's Yunnan beizhengzhi, Ni Lu's Nanzhao yeshi, the Baigu tongji qianshu)
- Wikipedia, Shaxi, Yunnan (read this session)
- OMNIA board, notes_msy.txt and places_msy.tsv (a lead, not a source)
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.