Tabarhinda

Who he is

Name

Qazi Ziya al-Din Tulaki (of Tulak)

Title

Governor of the Bathinda fortress (named 1190)

Since

1190 (the Ghurid capture, per the campaign board); still there in 1200 not recorded

Born

not pinned

Family

not known

Confidence

low

Wikipedia's Muhammad of Ghor article gives him 1,200 horsemen and says the Tabarhind garrison held out for thirteen months against Prithviraja after the First Tarain; Muizz al-Din's return and victory in 1192 depended on it. The Qila Mubarak article on Wikipedia has nothing on the 1190s and says only that Bathinda is the fort that Altunia later held (Razia). Who holds the gate on 1 January 1200 is nowhere recorded.

Overlord

Muizz al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam, directly, as Lahore and the Punjab are his; Aibak's authority at Delhi stops west of Samana

What it holds

• Tabarhinda (Bhatinda) and Mansa
• Sirhind on the Lahore to Delhi road
• The Sutlej ford near Ludhiana and the crossing at Ropar
• Jalandhar in the doab between the Beas and the Sutlej (see the town record)

How it was acquired

Taken by Muizz al-Din in 1190; held through the siege; the Ghurid line since 1192.

Allies and rivals

Directly under the sultan's Punjab command (Persia's ground begins at Lahore). The Bhati chiefs of the Bhatinda sands are the old enemy. The hill rajas of Kangra and the Siwalik foot are beyond the Sutlej.

How things stand that morning

A garrison on the Punjab road. Nothing recorded for 1199 to 1200.

Wealth

The road and its crossings; grain from the Sutlej plain.

Military

Garrison forts; Wikipedia gives the Bathinda garrison of 1190 as 1,200 horsemen.

Threats

• Bhati raiding
• Khokhar and hill-raja raiding along the Punjab road (nothing is recorded for 1200; the Khokhar rising is a later event, in likely_course_1200)

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. 1205 to 1206 (recalled, not rechecked)The Khokhars of the Salt Range and the Jhelum rise along the Punjab road; the sultan marches against them and is killed on the way back, at Dhamiak on 15 March 1206 (the Aibak record carries that date)Depends on: The sultan's absence in the west and thin garrisons on the Lahore and Multan road Stopped by: A strong garrison on that road, or a settlement with the Khokhar chiefs

Places of note

• The Sutlej ford near Ludhiana: The main crossing on the Lahore to Delhi road; the river shifts its bed from year to year
• Ropar: Where the Sutlej leaves the hills; the hill rajas begin immediately north

Where the sources disagree

• The campaign board entry tabarhinda-bhatinda says the fort was taken in 1190 and garrisoned with twelve hundred horse; the Wikipedia article on Muhammad of Ghor says 1,200 horsemen without that date; the Qila Mubarak page has neither.
• Bathinda is a ruin-fort whose building date is disputed (6th century to 11th century on the Qila Mubarak page); we give no founding date.

Evidence: One paragraph of Wikipedia, the campaign board's notes, nothing for 1200.

"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.

On the map: The Sirhind to Jalandhar part is inferred from the road; no source names a garrison.

Primary sources for Ghurids

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• The Chronography of Bar Hebraeus, Gregory Bar Hebraeus (Abu'l-Faraj) (about 1275 to 1286). A later compilation that for 1200 relies on Michael the Syrian and Ibn al-Athir, but adds the Jacobite church's own memory of the Jazira, Mosul, Melitene and the Artuqid and Zangid courts, and carries Michael's story past 1195: the Seljuk brothers' war in Rum, the Khwarazmian and Ghurid wars in the east, Mosul under Nur al-Din Arslan Shah, and the caliph al-Nasir. Read online
• The Complete History, Izz al-Din Ibn al-Athir (about 1200 to 1231, at Mosul). The widest Muslim narrative for the years 596 to 597 AH (1199 to 1201): al-Adil's entry into Cairo and his taking of the sultanate from his nephew al-Mansur Muhammad early in 1200, the quarrels of the Ayyubid princes at Damascus, Aleppo and Hama, the Nile failure and the great famine of Egypt, Mosul under Nur al-Din Arslan Shah and the Jazira under Gokbori and the Artuqids, Baghdad under the caliph al-Nasir, the Khwarazmshah Tekish's death in 1200 and Muhammad's accession, the Ghurid wars in Khurasan, the Eldiguzids and Georgia, the Almohads in the west, and the Seljuks of Rum in passing. Read online
• The History of the World Conqueror, Ata-Malik Juvayni (1252 to 1260). Written for the Mongols but with a long retrospective on the powers they destroyed. Read online
• The Life of Sultan Jalal al-Din Mankubirti, Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi (about 1241, at Aleppo). A Khwarazmian secretary's life of the last Khwarazmshah. Read online
• The Nasirid Generations: a General History of the Muslim Dynasties, Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (1259 to 1260, at Delhi). The Ghurid court's own history, by a man born in 1193 whose family served the sultans of Ghur and Ghazna. Read online
• The Crown of Glorious Deeds, Hasan Nizami (Sadr al-Din Muhammad ibn Hasan Nizami of Nishapur) (begun about 1205 at Delhi, carried on to about 1217). The earliest history written in Muslim India and the only contemporary account of Qutb al-Din Aibak's campaigns. Read online
• The Nasirean Generations (a general history of the Muslim dynasties), Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani (completed 1260 at Delhi). The fullest narrative of the Ghurid conquest of northern India. Read online
• The Tree of Genealogies, and the Manners of War and Bravery, Fakhr-i Mudabbir (Fakhr al-Din Muhammad ibn Mansur Mubarakshah) (the Shajara about 1206, dedicated to Qutb al-Din Aibak; the Adab al-harb in the 1220s for Iltutmish). The prose introduction to the Shajara, written within six years of 1200, praises Aibak and tells of his rise under Mu'izz al-Din of Ghur, his consecration at Lahore in 1206 and the Ghurid campaigns in Hindustan, with some notice of the Turkish peoples.

3 more in the sources library for Persia and the Eastern Islamic World.