Phanom Rung

Who he is

Title

Lord of Phanom Rung (a regional prince of the Angkor court)

Since

not known

Born

not known

Family

The campaign board says a local princely line related to the Angkor court. The names usually given are Narendraditya, a prince of the Mahidharapura house, and his son Hiranya, for the 12th century (from memory of the Phanom Rung inscriptions, not re-read this session; English Wikipedia's Phanom Rung page names neither). Nobody is named for 1200.

Confidence

low

English Wikipedia (Phanom Rung Historical Park; Prasat Muang Tam): two brick sanctuaries of the 10th century, a sandstone Prang Noi of the 11th, the central sanctuary in the 12th (the page says under Suryavarman II), two library halls of the 13th; under Jayavarman VII the pavilion for changing royal dress, the Kudi Rishis of Nong Bua Ray, a hospital chapel (arogyasala) and the rest house at Prasat Ban Bu. The page calls it an important vice-regal centre. Muang Tam: late 10th and early 11th century, four L-shaped ponds, a later and larger baray between the two temples.

Overlord

Angkor; kin of the royal house on the campaign board's reading.

What it holds

• The mountain sanctuary and its causeway
• Muang Tam and its ponds and reservoir
• The village lands and the baray between them
• The road north from the Dangrek passes, with the rest house at Prasat Ban Bu and the hospital chapel

How it was acquired

Not known; the family is argued from 12th century inscriptions.

Allies and rivals

The Angkor court; Phimai to the north-west; the Kui of the Dangrek.

How things stand that morning

In use and in favour: the king's own additions are recent. Lord not known.

Wealth

Temple endowment villages, the water of Muang Tam, the toll of the pass road.

Military

None attested.

Threats

• The slow silting of the reservoirs

Places of note

• Phanom Rung: Shaivite sanctuary on the volcano.
• Prasat Muang Tam: Temple with four L-shaped ponds.
• Prasat Ban Bu: Rest house of the royal road (placed in the district).

Where the sources disagree

• The campaign board entry phanom-rung: 'a local princely line related to the Angkor court'. The line is argued from inscriptions we did not re-read; English Wikipedia gives only the building phases.
• The campaign board entry muang-tam (14.497, 102.976) agrees with the Wikipedia coordinates (14.4967, 102.9836) to under 1 km.

Evidence: Buildings and phases are firm; the princely line is from memory and the campaign board.

"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.

On the map: A block round the two temples and their reservoirs.

Primary sources for Khmer empire

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• The Abridged History of Viet, Anonymous (attributed by some to Su Hy Nhan) (about 1377, probably as an abridgement of Le Van Huu's lost history of 1272). The oldest surviving Vietnamese history, a century older than the Complete Annals and in places fuller for the Ly dynasty, which fills its second and third books.
• The Complete Annals of Dai Viet, Ngo Si Lien, drawing on Le Van Huu's Dai Viet su ky (1272) and Phan Phu Tien; continued by Pham Cong Tru and Le Hi (1479; printed 1697 in the standard Chinh Hoa edition). The main narrative source for Dai Viet in 1200, compiled in 1479 from Le Van Huu's lost history of 1272. Read online
• The later Tai, Lao and Mon chronicles of the north, Ratanapanna (Jinakalamali); Bodhiramsi (Chamadevivamsa); anonymous monks and court scribes (the Chamadevivamsa about 1410; the Jinakalamali 1516 to 1528; the Chiang Mai Chronicle in its surviving form 1827; the Nithan Khun Borom 16th to 17th century). There is no text of 1200 for the Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya, the Tai muang of Ngoenyang (Chiang Saen), Chiang Rung, the Yom and Nan valleys, or the Lao middle Mekong.
• History of Song, chapters 488 and 489: Jiaozhi, Dali, Champa, Zhenla, Pagan, Srivijaya, Java, Brunei, Chola and Tambralinga, Toqto'a (Tuotuo) and the Yuan history office, from the Song court records (1343 to 1345, from Song veritable records and court diaries). The Chinese court's record of its southern neighbours, compiled from Song archives. Read online
• History of the Song, the chapters on Xia and on foreign states, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office (1343 to 1345). The Song court's accounts of its neighbours, each arranged as an annal of embassies and wars. Read online
• Corpus of the Inscriptions of Campa (EFEO and ISAW), Various (the Cham kings and their officers), edited by Arlo Griffiths, Amandine Lepoutre, William Southworth and Thanh Phan (inscriptions of the 4th to 15th centuries; the online corpus from 2012). The online edition of the Cham inscriptions, with photographs, texts and translations, keyed to the C. numbers. Read online
• The Inscriptions of Cambodia, Various (the Khmer kings and their officers), edited by George Coedes (inscriptions of the 6th to 14th centuries; edited 1937 to 1966). The Khmer empire of 1200 is known almost entirely from the great foundation stelae of Jayavarman VII (reigning from 1181), which Coedes edited: the Ta Prohm stele of 1186 (K. Read online
• The Sanskrit inscriptions of Cambodia and Champa (ISCC), Various (Khmer and Cham kings), edited by Auguste Barth and Abel Bergaigne (inscriptions of the 7th to 12th centuries; edited 1885 to 1893). The founding edition of Khmer and Cham Sanskrit epigraphy, public domain and online, which Coedes's later corpus supersedes but does not replace. Read online

5 more in the sources library for Mainland Southeast Asia.