Lord of Khelang Nakhon

Who he is

Title

Lord (the chronicles call the ruler of Lampang a "Maharaja") of Khelang Nakhon

Since

not known

Born

not known

Family

In the chronicles Lampang is the seat of Camadevi's twin or second son, a "Maharaja, King of Lampang" stands in the Jinakalamali list, and the last king of Lamphun, Yi Ba, flees there after 1281 (or 1291 or 1292). All late.

Confidence

low

English Wikipedia (Haripunjaya).

Overlord

Haripunjaya (as sister seat; the exact tie is not known)

What it holds

• Khelang Nakhon (Lampang) and the Lampang basin on the Wang
• The earth-walled hill monastery of Lampang Luang above Ko Kha
• Rice of the Wang plain, and the teak and forest hills east toward the Yom (the great teak export trade is nineteenth century)
• The road east to Phrae

How it was acquired

Not known. The chronicles make the seat a gift to a son of the founding queen; that is legend.

Allies and rivals

Lamphun (sister seat); Phayao to the north (some Phayao chronicle traditions say Phayao bordered Haripunchai and Nakhon Khelang to the south); Phrae over the Phi Pan Nam; Thoen and Tak down the Wang.

How things stand that morning

A Mon lord of the Wang valley, tied to Lamphun in a way the sources do not define. No event dated for 1200.

Wealth

Wang valley rice, forest goods, tolls on the road to the Yom.

Military

Not known; the hill monastery enclosure is the refuge.

Threats

• Phayao pressure from the north (chronicle, undated)

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. 1281, 1291 or 1292After Mangrai takes Lamphun the last king flees to Lampang.Depends on: The fall of Lamphun. Stopped by: Lamphun holding out.

Places of note

• Lampang Luang: walled hill monastery above the Wang

Where the sources disagree

• Board (khelang-nakhon-lampang): "likely" Haripunjaya; kept. The campaign board puts the town a day and a half from Lamphun; the walk over the Khun Tan range is about that.

Evidence: A Mon-period town on the Wang is supported by the chronicles and the local tradition; no inscription or dated excavation of 1200 was reachable. The Lampang Luang earthwork is described as old, the buildings as fifteenth century.

"The campaign board" is OMNIA's working map. These notes record where its earlier claims were checked against the sources.

On the map: The upper Wang is the seam with Phayao and is drawn as claimed.

Primary sources for Haripunjaya

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma, The Royal Historical Commission of King Bagyidaw (Monywe Sayadaw and others), drawing on U Kala's Maha Yazawin (about 1724) and earlier chronicles (1829 to 1832). The standard Burmese court chronicle, compiled six centuries after 1200 from older chronicles now lost. Read online
• The later Tai, Lao and Mon chronicles of the north, Ratanapanna (Jinakalamali); Bodhiramsi (Chamadevivamsa); anonymous monks and court scribes (the Chamadevivamsa about 1410; the Jinakalamali 1516 to 1528; the Chiang Mai Chronicle in its surviving form 1827; the Nithan Khun Borom 16th to 17th century). There is no text of 1200 for the Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya, the Tai muang of Ngoenyang (Chiang Saen), Chiang Rung, the Yom and Nan valleys, or the Lao middle Mekong.
• Epigraphia Birmanica, being lithic and other inscriptions of Burma, Various, edited by Taw Sein Ko, C. Duroiselle and C. O. Blagden (inscriptions of the 11th to 15th centuries; the series ran from 1919 to 1936). The Archaeological Survey of Burma's series of edited inscriptions with full translations. Read online
• Inscriptions of Pagan, Pinya and Ava; Inscriptions of Burma, Various (the Pagan kings, queens, ministers and donors), edited by Tun Nyein, Taw Sein Ko, G. H. Luce and Pe Maung Tin (inscriptions of the 11th to 14th centuries; editions 1899 and 1933 to 1956). The dedicatory inscriptions of Pagan are the only contemporary texts for the kingdom of Narapatisithu (reigning 1174 to 1211). Read online
• The Inscriptions of Cambodia, Various (the Khmer kings and their officers), edited by George Coedes (inscriptions of the 6th to 14th centuries; edited 1937 to 1966). The Khmer empire of 1200 is known almost entirely from the great foundation stelae of Jayavarman VII (reigning from 1181), which Coedes edited: the Ta Prohm stele of 1186 (K. Read online