King of Haripunjaya

Who he is

Title

King (Mon: the royal title is not preserved in our sources) of Haripunjaya

Since

not known

Born

not known

Family

The Mon inscriptions of 1213, 1218 and 1219 name King Sabbadhisiddhi; in the ordination text of 28 May 1219 he has two sons present. Whether he reigned in 1200 is not known. Earlier names in the chronicles (Adityaraja, Dhammikaraja) have no dates.

Confidence

low

English Wikipedia (Haripunjaya) summarising the Lamphun steles.

What it holds

• Lamphun and its near rice land on the Kuang and the Ping
• Patronage of Wat Phra That Hariphunchai, Wat Chamathewi and the other Mon monasteries, with the villages and people he and his predecessors gave them
• The moated satellite towns of the Ping plain (Wiang Tha Kan, Wiang Mano), whose own lords are not known
• Claims on Hot, Li and Thoen along the Ping road

Allies and rivals

A sister seat at Lampang; the Lawa of the western hills; the Tai chiefs of the north (Phayao, Ngoenyang). No tie to Pagan or the Khmer is dated.

How things stand that morning

King not known; the court sits at Lamphun and the Sangha is rich. No source puts the king at war, on campaign or in embassy in the winter of 1199-1200.

Wealth

Rice, relic gifts, road tolls and the endowment of monasteries; see the realm record.

Military

No numbers. The king's own defence is the moated town and its ditch; the Ai Fa story suggests no standing army that could be named.

Threats

• The slow growth of Tai valley chiefs in the north
• Hill raiding from the west

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. 1213 to 1219Sabbadhisiddhi endows and builds (inscriptions), and is ordained briefly on Tuesday 28 May 1219 (Julian).Depends on: The house still holding Lamphun. Stopped by: Loss of the throne before 1213.

Places of note

• Lamphun: royal town

Where the sources disagree

• Jinakalamali list (printed on English Wikipedia): Nyotta 1196 to 1270, Yi Ba 1270 to 1292. The brief says the list is unusable; the nearest dated king is Sabbadhisiddhi (1213 to 1219) and we follow the brief.

Evidence: Dated stone for 1213 to 1219; nothing dated for the years either side. The throne in 1200 is inferred from the later inscriptions and the chronicle tradition of a continuous line.

On the map: A seeds drawing round the town; the king's writ over the wider plain is shown in the realm record.

Primary sources for Haripunjaya

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma, The Royal Historical Commission of King Bagyidaw (Monywe Sayadaw and others), drawing on U Kala's Maha Yazawin (about 1724) and earlier chronicles (1829 to 1832). The standard Burmese court chronicle, compiled six centuries after 1200 from older chronicles now lost. Read online
• The later Tai, Lao and Mon chronicles of the north, Ratanapanna (Jinakalamali); Bodhiramsi (Chamadevivamsa); anonymous monks and court scribes (the Chamadevivamsa about 1410; the Jinakalamali 1516 to 1528; the Chiang Mai Chronicle in its surviving form 1827; the Nithan Khun Borom 16th to 17th century). There is no text of 1200 for the Mon kingdom of Haripunjaya, the Tai muang of Ngoenyang (Chiang Saen), Chiang Rung, the Yom and Nan valleys, or the Lao middle Mekong.
• Epigraphia Birmanica, being lithic and other inscriptions of Burma, Various, edited by Taw Sein Ko, C. Duroiselle and C. O. Blagden (inscriptions of the 11th to 15th centuries; the series ran from 1919 to 1936). The Archaeological Survey of Burma's series of edited inscriptions with full translations. Read online
• Inscriptions of Pagan, Pinya and Ava; Inscriptions of Burma, Various (the Pagan kings, queens, ministers and donors), edited by Tun Nyein, Taw Sein Ko, G. H. Luce and Pe Maung Tin (inscriptions of the 11th to 14th centuries; editions 1899 and 1933 to 1956). The dedicatory inscriptions of Pagan are the only contemporary texts for the kingdom of Narapatisithu (reigning 1174 to 1211). Read online
• The Inscriptions of Cambodia, Various (the Khmer kings and their officers), edited by George Coedes (inscriptions of the 6th to 14th centuries; edited 1937 to 1966). The Khmer empire of 1200 is known almost entirely from the great foundation stelae of Jayavarman VII (reigning from 1181), which Coedes edited: the Ta Prohm stele of 1186 (K. Read online