Cornel

Who he is

Name

Pedro Cornel

Title

Senior (royal tenant) in Tarazona

Since

Tarazona by February 1198; earlier senior in Ejea (May 1196) and Sos (1191-1193)

Born

Not pinned

Family

The Cornel, one of the great Aragonese houses. Jimeno Cornel (Ximen Cornel) was senior in Huesca in May 1196 and is prominent at court in 1206 and 1212-1213; relationship to Pedro not pinned.

Confidence

medium

'Senior en Tarazona' at Calatayud in February 1198 and again in the Jaca list of 30 December 1199 (the place name is garbled in the printed text but matches Tarazona); witness at Calatayud in December 1198. The tenentes list gives Pedro Cornel 1178-1199 and Jimeno Cornel 1187-1196.

Overlord

Peter II of Aragon

What it holds

• Tarazona: senior of the city and castle for the king (1198-1199)
• Earlier honors: Ejea (May 1196), Sos (1191-1193)

How it was acquired

Royal grants of honors.

Allies and rivals

The bishop of Tarazona; the Luesia (Sos); the Urrea (Borja later). Navarrese Tudela and Castilian Ágreda lie a few hours away.

How things stand that morning

Holds Tarazona; at court at Jaca on 30 December 1199.

Wealth

The honor of Tarazona: a share of royal rents from a city with large Muslim and Jewish communities. No figures.

Military

Tarazona's castle on the frontier with Navarre and Castile.

Threats

• Navarrese attack from Tudela and Cascante while Aragon sides with Castile

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: Tarazona rests on two charters (February 1198, 30 December 1199), one with a garbled place name.

On the map: Only the city's municipality is drawn as his honor.

Primary sources for Aragon

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Annals of Toledo and other short Iberian annals (12th and 13th centuries; Anales Toledanos I to 1219). Florez's volume 23 gathers the short annals of the peninsula. Read online
• Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile, Anonymous, probably Juan of Osma, chancellor of Castile (about 1223 to 1239). The chancellor's chronicle of Alfonso VIII's reign, detailed from the 1190s. Read online
• The Wondrous Account of the History of al-Andalus and the Maghreb, Ibn Idhari al-Marrakushi (about 1312, at Marrakesh). The Almohad section is the fullest year-by-year narrative of the caliphate around 1200: the last campaigns and the death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur in January 1199, the accession of his son Muhammad al-Nasir, the renewed war of the Banu Ghaniya in Ifriqiya under Yahya ibn Ishaq and his ally Qaraqush, the Almohad losses of Mahdia and Tunis a few years later, and al-Nasir's reconquest of Ifriqiya in 1205 to 1206 followed by the appointment of Abd al-Wahid ibn Abi Hafs as governor. Read online
• Deeds of the Counts of Barcelona, Anonymous (monks of Santa Maria de Ripoll) (first version 1162 to 1184; continued in the later 13th century; final version 1303 to 1314). The house chronicle of the counts of Barcelona.
• History of the Affairs of Spain, Rodrigo Jimenez de Rada (completed 1243). The archbishop's history of the peninsula, written forty years on by a Navarrese who served Castile. Read online
• The Book of Examples: the History of the Berbers and of the Muslim Dynasties of North Africa, Ibn Khaldun (1375 to 1379 at Qal'at Ibn Salama and Tunis, revised until 1406). Ibn Khaldun's tribal histories are the standard account of the powers that Almohad chronicles treat as background: the Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym in Ifriqiya and Tripolitania and their alliances with the Banu Ghaniya and Qaraqush; the Zenata of the central Maghreb (Banu Marin, Banu Abd al-Wad, Tujin, Maghrawa) before their rise; the Sanhaja and the veiled peoples of the Sahara; the Masmuda and the Almohad tribes. Read online
• The Pleasant Book: a Summary of the History of the Maghreb, Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi (completed in 1224, in the East, after the author left the Maghreb in 1217). Abd al-Wahid was a boy of fifteen at Fez and Marrakesh in 1200 and later moved in Almohad court circles, so his account of Yaqub al-Mansur (died January 1199) and of the first years of Muhammad al-Nasir is partly from memory and from men he knew: the character of the new caliph, the weakness that let the Banu Ghaniya overrun Ifriqiya, the Majorca expedition of 1203 and the Ifriqiya campaign of 1205 to 1206. Read online
• Official Letters of the Almohad Chancery (1140s to 1260s; the letters nearest 1200 are of the reigns of al-Mansur and al-Nasir). Circular letters from the caliphs to governors, tribes and towns announcing victories, appointments and policy, preserved in later manuscript collections.

7 more in the sources library for France and Iberia.