Sussex

Who holds it

Name

Not pinned: William Marshal's deputies or Robert of Turnham

Title

Sheriff of Sussex

Confidence

low

The county lists give William Marshal (now earl of Pembroke) as sheriff of Sussex from 1194, a Michael de Apletreham (spelling uncertain) beside him in 1198-99, and Robert of Turnham for 1200. The lists are muddled for these years and we could not check them against the Pipe Rolls; the sheriff on 1 January 1200 is not pinned.

Overlord

King John

How things stand that morning

At peace.

Sheriff in 1200

Not pinned (William Marshal through a deputy, or Robert of Turnham, by the county lists). Whoever he is, his power is narrow: each rape has its own lord with his own courts and castle.

Hundreds

• The rapes of Arundel (with Chichester), Bramber, Lewes, Pevensey and Hastings, each divided into hundreds
• The liberties of South Malling (archbishop), the leuga of Battle (abbey) and the Fecamp manors stand apart

Forests

No royal forest; the Wealden forests are the rape-lords' chases: Arundel, St Leonard's (Braose), Worth (Warenne), Ashdown (the Eagle).

Castles

• Arundel
• Bramber
• Lewes
• Pevensey
• Hastings
• Chichester
• Knepp

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: The rapes are certain; the sheriff for 1199-1200 is not pinned.

On the map: Rough outline.

Primary sources for England

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond, Jocelin of Brakelond (about 1198 to 1203). An inside account of Bury St Edmunds under Abbot Samson, written while the events were fresh. Read online
• Chronicle of Melrose, Anonymous (monks of Melrose abbey) (about 1173 to 1270, in many hands; the 1200 entries are near contemporary). The main Scottish annal for the year, kept at a Cistercian house on the Tweed. Read online
• Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
• Chronicle of the Princes, Anonymous (Welsh translation of a lost Latin chronicle kept at Strata Florida) (Latin original to about 1282, compiled from contemporary annals; Welsh versions about 1300 and later). The native Welsh record of the year. Read online
• Chronicle; Deeds of the Kings, Gervase of Canterbury (Chronica about 1188 to 1199; Gesta Regum about 1199 to 1210). The Chronica stops in 1199, so for 1200 the witness is the briefer Gesta Regum, which notes John's peace with Philip, the coronation of Isabella at Westminster on 8 October 1200, and matters touching Canterbury: the archbishop Hubert Walter as chancellor, the cathedral priory's quarrel with him, and the Lambeth college dispute lately settled by the pope. Read online
• English Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall, Ralph of Coggeshall (about 1200 to 1224, in stages). Short but independent entries for 1200 from a Cistercian house in Essex: John's levy on the Cistercians and the carucage, the peace with Philip, the king's new marriage and the queen's coronation, and the death of Hugh of Lincoln. Read online
• Flowers of History, Roger of Wendover (about 1220 to 1235 at St Albans). For 1200 Wendover is mostly Howden rewritten, so he is a second witness only where he adds St Albans material: a long account of Hugh of Lincoln's last months, death and funeral, and anecdotes about John's conduct toward the Cistercians and his new queen. Read online
• Images of History, Ralph de Diceto (about 1188 to 1202). A London view of the year from the dean of St Paul's, who knew the justiciar and the bishops personally. Read online

22 more in the sources library for The British Isles.