Cumberland

Who holds it

Name

William de Stuteville (probable) or Hugh Bardolf

Title

Sheriff of Cumberland

Since

The county list gives Hugh Bardolf from 18 April 1199 and William de Stuteville from Michaelmas 1200; the DNB (from Howden) says John gave Stuteville charge of Cumberland at his accession

Confidence

low

Overlord

King John

How things stand that morning

Quiet. William the Lion claims Cumberland with Northumberland; no raid is recorded for the winter of 1199-1200.

Sheriff in 1200

William de Stuteville (probable) or Hugh Bardolf. The county list gives Hugh Bardolf from 18 April 1199 and William de Stuteville from Michaelmas 1200; the DNB (from Howden) says John gave Stuteville charge of Cumberland at his accession

Answers for

The county farm; cornage; custody of Carlisle castle and city; the forest of Inglewood; the royal manors (Penrith, Sowerby, Langwathby, Scotby); the profits of justice.

Hundreds

• No hundreds; the county's wards (Cumberland, Allerdale, Eskdale, Leath) are later; the baronies are the working divisions

Forests

• Royal: Inglewood
• Private: the forests of Copeland and Allerdale

Castles

• Royal: Carlisle
• Baronial: Egremont, Cockermouth, Liddel Strength, Irthington, Burgh by Sands, Kirkoswald (later)

Liberties

The baronies; the lands of the vacant see of Carlisle and of the priories of Carlisle, Wetheral, St Bees, Lanercost and Holm Cultram abbey.

What the year holds

What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.

1. Michaelmas 1200Stuteville accounts for the shire on the Pipe Roll of 2 John.Depends on: The sheriff remaining in office Stopped by: A change of sheriff

Places of note

• Shire town and castle: Seat of the sheriff and the county court

Where the sources disagree

• Sheriff on 1 January 1200 not pinned between Bardolf and Stuteville (see the holder).

Evidence: Sheriff uncertain; the shire is certain.

On the map: Historic county, rough outline.

Primary sources for England

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond, Jocelin of Brakelond (about 1198 to 1203). An inside account of Bury St Edmunds under Abbot Samson, written while the events were fresh. Read online
• Chronicle of Melrose, Anonymous (monks of Melrose abbey) (about 1173 to 1270, in many hands; the 1200 entries are near contemporary). The main Scottish annal for the year, kept at a Cistercian house on the Tweed. Read online
• Chronicle of Roger of Howden, Roger of Howden (about 1192 to 1201). The fullest single narrative for the year. Read online
• Chronicle of the Princes, Anonymous (Welsh translation of a lost Latin chronicle kept at Strata Florida) (Latin original to about 1282, compiled from contemporary annals; Welsh versions about 1300 and later). The native Welsh record of the year. Read online
• Chronicle; Deeds of the Kings, Gervase of Canterbury (Chronica about 1188 to 1199; Gesta Regum about 1199 to 1210). The Chronica stops in 1199, so for 1200 the witness is the briefer Gesta Regum, which notes John's peace with Philip, the coronation of Isabella at Westminster on 8 October 1200, and matters touching Canterbury: the archbishop Hubert Walter as chancellor, the cathedral priory's quarrel with him, and the Lambeth college dispute lately settled by the pope. Read online
• English Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall, Ralph of Coggeshall (about 1200 to 1224, in stages). Short but independent entries for 1200 from a Cistercian house in Essex: John's levy on the Cistercians and the carucage, the peace with Philip, the king's new marriage and the queen's coronation, and the death of Hugh of Lincoln. Read online
• Flowers of History, Roger of Wendover (about 1220 to 1235 at St Albans). For 1200 Wendover is mostly Howden rewritten, so he is a second witness only where he adds St Albans material: a long account of Hugh of Lincoln's last months, death and funeral, and anecdotes about John's conduct toward the Cistercians and his new queen. Read online
• Images of History, Ralph de Diceto (about 1188 to 1202). A London view of the year from the dean of St Paul's, who knew the justiciar and the bishops personally. Read online

22 more in the sources library for The British Isles.