People or range · Self-governing peoples of Mongolia and the Steppe · as at first light, 1 January 1200

Sayan hunters

In the high forest and tundra of the Eastern Sayan live hunters and reindeer herders whom later centuries call Soyots and Tozhu.

The name Soyot is not attested for 1200 and they are not named in any source we could read. They hunt sable, squirrel and wild reindeer, trap, fish, and keep small reindeer herds, moving between the high summer pastures and the sheltered forest valleys of the Bii-Khem headwaters and the Oka side in winter. They answer to no named lord; the Oirat of the Shishged forest are their nearest strong neighbour.

Who holds it

Title
Elders and clan heads; no chief named
Since
not known
Born
not known
Family
not known
Confidence
low

See the evidence note.

Overlord

None shown.

What it holds

  • Hunting and fishing grounds of the Eastern Sayan forest
  • Reindeer herds (thin)
  • Winter camps in the sheltered forest valleys

How it was acquired

Inherited ranges.

Allies and rivals

See the summary.

How things stand that morning

Self-governing; no raid or war recorded.

Wealth

Herds, hunting and furs.

Military

Hunters and herders; no castles.

Threats

  • Dzud (winter of ice), a hard year for the herds

Places of note

  • Winter camps in the forest valleys of the Oka headwaters (guess): Sheltered forest valleys below the high summer pastures. No camp is named.

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: No source of 1200; the people are placed from later ethnography.

On the map: Ethnic name and place are conjecture.

Sources and studies

  1. Wikipedia, 'History of Tuva'

Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.