Härjedalen

Who holds it

Title

The farmers of the valley; no assembly, leader or officer recorded for 1200

Since

Norwegian since before 1200 by tradition

Confidence

low

Härjedalen was settled up the Ljusnan valley and counted as Norwegian land until 1645; Norwegian rule is put at about 1100 in some accounts (not well sourced). Saga tradition makes Herjulf Hornbrjótr, a Norwegian who fled King Halfdan the Black, its first settler. Which church province its parishes answered to in 1200 is not pinned here. Nothing in the sources checked shows it acting as one body in 1200 or names an officer; it may have been reckoned with Jämtland or with the Trøndelag.

Drawn as its own record so the ground has the right realm.

Overlord

The king of Norway (nominal)

What it holds

• The upper Ljusnan valley: Sveg, Hede, Vemdalen, Lillhärdal and the fells toward Norway

How it was acquired

Settlement from Norway (tradition).

Allies and rivals

Neighbours: Jämtland, Hälsingland (Swedish), the Østerdal (Bagler country).

How things stand that morning

Under the Norwegian crown in name; nothing known of that winter.

Wealth

Cattle, hunting, furs. No figures.

Military

None recorded.

Laws and assemblies

Not recorded for 1200.

Where the sources disagree

Evidence: Later administrative facts and tradition only; no source for 1200.

On the map: The outline follows the later province; settlement in 1200 was sparse and the fells were Sami ground.

Primary sources for Norway (Sverre)

Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.

• The Danish annals of Lund, Ryd and other houses (12th and 13th centuries; Lund continued to 1307, Ryd to 1288). Short dated entries from Lund, the archbishop's seat, and from Ryd in Schleswig. Read online
• Chronicle of the Kings of Mann and the Isles, Anonymous (monks of Rushen abbey, Mann) (about 1257, with continuations to 1316). The only native record of the kingdom of Mann and the Hebrides. Read online
• The Icelandic annals to 1578 (compiled from the late 13th century onward from older notes). Year-by-year notices that fix Icelandic chronology. Read online
• Deeds of the Danes, Saxo Grammaticus (about 1185 to 1208). Saxo was writing at Lund in 1200 under Absalon, who died in March 1201, and his last books are an insider's history of Valdemar I and Knud VI to 1185: the Wendish wars, the taking of Rügen, the submission of Pomerania in 1185, the Danish fleet, Absalon's power and the Danish quarrel with the Empire. Read online
• The saga of King Sverre of Norway, Karl Jónsson and a continuator (begun about 1185 under Sverre's own supervision, completed about 1210 to 1220). The king's own authorised saga. Read online
• The saga of the descendants of Knut (the kings of Denmark) (about 1250 to 1260). An Icelandic kings' saga of Denmark that draws on Saxo and Danish tradition and ends in 1187 with Knud VI and Absalon's Wendish wars. Read online
• The sagas of the Baglers (about 1210 to 1220, in a shorter and a longer version). Begins with Sverre's death in March 1202 and the reigns of Hákon Sverrisson, Guttorm and Inge Bårdsson against the Bagler kings Erling Steinvegg and Philippus, so it has nothing for 1200 itself. Read online
• Saga of the Earls of Orkney, Anonymous (Icelandic) (about 1200 to 1230; surviving text mainly from Flateyjarbok, about 1390). The saga's last chapters are about Earl Harald Maddadsson, who in 1200 held Orkney under King Sverre of Norway and Caithness under William the Lion: his long rule, his quarrel with the Scottish king that cost him Caithness in 1196 to 1197, his recovery of it, and the maiming of Bishop John of Caithness and the king's revenge in 1201 to 1202. Read online

6 more in the sources library for Scandinavia.