The Arab geographers know Ramni (Lamuri) from the ninth century, and the strait's gate is where ships wait for the wind, so Muslim merchants probably lodge here; no document shows a quarter, a mosque or an endowment, and no Muslim ruler is attested for 1200.
A gravestone at Lamreh read as dated 608 AH (1211), of Sulaiman ibn Abdullah ibn al-Basir, would be the earliest Muslim ruler's grave in Southeast Asia if the reading holds; it is later than the date and its reading is disputed, so it is carried as a question on the Lamuri town record and not as a fact. Marco Polo's Perlak (1292) and Pasai's Malik al-Salih (696 AH, about 1297) are later still.
Who holds it
- Title
- The leading Arab and Persian merchants lodging at Lamuri, not named
- Since
- not known
- Born
- not known
- Family
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No source names an abbot, priest or headman of this house for any date near 1 January 1200.
Overlord
The chief of Lamuri, as host; not named.
What it holds
- Nothing is shown: no quarter, mosque or endowment is attested
How things stand that morning
A guest community, probable, of unknown size. No Muslim ruler is attested.
What the year holds
What happened next, if nothing in play changes it. Each event carries what it depends on and what would stop it.
- 1211 (608 AH)The gravestone at Lamreh read as dated 608 AH, of Sulaiman ibn Abdullah ibn al-Basir.Depends on: The reading of the stone, which is disputed, and a Muslim ruler of Lamuri; neither is shown for 1200. Stopped by: A different reading of the stone, or no such ruler.
Places of note
- Lamreh: The walled headland and its gravestones.
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: Thin: geographers' notices and later stones; the 1211 reading is disputed.
On the map: A point only: no land of its own is recorded.
Primary sources for Malay ports
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- The Leiden grants of Rajaraja I and Kulottunga I concerning the Srivijaya vihara at Nagapattinam, The Chola chancery (Rajaraja I, Rajendra I, Kulottunga I) (the Larger plates about 1005 to 1014 (completed under Rajendra I); the Smaller plates 1090). Background documents for the relations between the Cholas and the Malay world. Read online
- The Grahi (Chaiya) Buddha inscription and the Tambralinga records, Various (the officers of Grahi and the kings of Tambralinga), edited by George Coedes (the Chaiya bronze Buddha inscription 1183; the Nakhon Si Thammarat records 13th century; edited 1929, revised 1961). The peninsula in 1200 has one near-contemporary dated text: the Old Khmer inscription on the base of a bronze Buddha from Wat Hua Wiang at Chaiya, dated 1183, which records the image's casting by order of the mahasenapati Galanai, governor of Grahi, under the king Srimat Trailokyaraja Maulibhusanavarmadeva, a name that is argued to be either a Malayu (Srivijaya) overlord or a local king.
- A Description of the Foreign Peoples (Records of Foreign Nations), Zhao Rukuo (Zhao Rugua) (1225 at Quanzhou). The best single text for the island world around 1200, written by the superintendent of maritime trade at Quanzhou from merchants' reports a generation after the date. Read online
- The Description of the Country, called the Nagarakretagama, Mpu Prapanca (1365 at the Majapahit court). A Majapahit court poem of 1365 listed here only for its retrospect. Read online
Sources and studies
- Wikipedia (English): Lamuri
- OMNIA board note (a lead only, checked against the sources above)
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.