The oldest standing temple in East Java, of about 760 (board and en.wikipedia), at Karang Besuki in the Dau district, some five kilometres west of the modern city of Malang.
It is linked to the Dinoyo inscription of King Gajayana of Kanjuruhan, whose chronogram reads 682 Saka (760), but en.wikipedia notes that the link between the stone and the temple is debated. The temple was found in 1921 as a mound of stone and soil and restored in 1925 and 1926; only the base and body remain, the one statue left in the niches is Durga Mahishasuramardini, and the inner room holds a lingam and yoni, so it is a Shiva sanctuary. It marks a well-watered and long-settled basin, the Tumapel country.
Whether anyone served it in 1200 is not known; it stood in ruins and under earth when the Dutch found it.
Who holds it
- Title
- Keepers of the Badut temple, if any
- Since
- not pinned
- Born
- not known
- Confidence
- low
No keeper or patron is named for any date.
Overlord
the lord of Tumapel on the ground, if Tumapel is a Kediri district (Akuwu of Tumapel)
What it holds
- The temple and its mound
How it was acquired
Built about 760 (en.wikipedia).
Allies and rivals
None named.
How things stand that morning
Standing or ruined; use not shown.
Places of note
- Candi Badut: 7 deg 57.5 S, 112 deg 35.9 E (en.wikipedia).
Where the sources disagree
Evidence: The building is dated by style and the debated Dinoyo link; nothing documents it for the twelfth century.
On the map: A disc round the temple.
Primary sources for Kediri
Chronicles, registers, sagas and inscriptions written in or near 1200 that cover this entry. Each has its own page with editions, translations and where to read it.
- History of Song, chapters 488 and 489: Jiaozhi, Dali, Champa, Zhenla, Pagan, Srivijaya, Java, Brunei, Chola and Tambralinga, Toqto'a (Tuotuo) and the Yuan history office, from the Song court records (1343 to 1345, from Song veritable records and court diaries). The Chinese court's record of its southern neighbours, compiled from Song archives. Read online
- History of the Song, the chapters on Xia and on foreign states, Toqto'a (脫脫) and the Yuan history office (1343 to 1345). The Song court's accounts of its neighbours, each arranged as an annal of embassies and wars. Read online
- Old Javanese Charters (the Brandes and Krom corpus), including the Kediri inscriptions of Kamesvara and Srngga, Various (the Kediri kings and their officers), edited by J. L. A. Brandes and N. J. Krom (inscriptions of the 8th to 15th centuries; edited 1913). Kediri (Panjalu) in 1200 is known from a few royal charters on stone and copper, which this corpus first printed: the records of Kamesvara (about 1182 to 1194) and of Srngga, that is Kertajaya (from about 1194 to 1222), among them the Kamulan charter of 1194 and the Palah (Panataran) record of 1197, with the king's titles, his seal, the officials of the court and the villages freed from tax.
- A Description of the Foreign Peoples (Records of Foreign Nations), Zhao Rukuo (Zhao Rugua) (1225 at Quanzhou). The best single text for the island world around 1200, written by the superintendent of maritime trade at Quanzhou from merchants' reports a generation after the date. Read online
- Notes in Answer to Questions about the Lands beyond the Passes, Zhou Qufei (周去非) (1178, after service in Guangxi). A Guangxi official's notes, written twenty years before 1200, on the south-western frontier of the Song and the countries beyond. Read online
- Description of the Foreign Peoples (Chau Ju-kua), Zhao Rukuo (趙汝适) (about 1225, while superintendent of maritime trade at Quanzhou). The Song customs officer's survey of the overseas world, compiled from merchants and from Zhou Qufei, a generation after 1200 but describing trade routes that were the same in 1200. Read online
- The Description of the Country, called the Nagarakretagama, Mpu Prapanca (1365 at the Majapahit court). A Majapahit court poem of 1365 listed here only for its retrospect. Read online
Sources and studies
- Wikipedia (en), Badut Temple (read in this pass): about 760, link with the Dinoyo inscription (682 Saka, King Gajayana of Kanjuruhan) debated; found 1921, restored 1925-1926; lingam and yoni; Durga Mahishasuramardini; 7.958 S 112.598 E
- Wikipedia (en), Singhasari (read in this pass): Ken Arok, Tunggul Ametung, Tumapel, Battle of Genter 1222; Pararaton legendary
- OMNIA board notes for the place (a lead, not a source)
Last revised 4 November 2026. Published 4 November 2026. Suggest a correction on the OMNIA Discord.